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Biomedical subjects

R K Page

Publications and source records attributed to R K Page.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Field studies with convalescent serum and infectious bursal disease vaccine to control turkey coryza.

Convalescent serum given to 1-day-old poults delayed clinical signs of turkey coryza by several days and reduced mortality on infected farms. Turkey breeders immunized with cell-culture-adapted infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) or turkey infectious bursal disease virus (TIBDV) had a marked increase in virus-neutralization (VN) antibody titers. The VN antibody titer was significantly higher in progeny poults than in poults from unimmunized breeders. Clinical turkey coryza and mortality was considerably less in poults from IBD- or TIBD-vaccinated breeders than in control poults. They also responded more favorably to hemorrhagic enteritis and fowl cholera vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Field experiments with viral arthritis/tenosynovitis vaccination of breeder chickens.

Vaccination of three commercial broiler-breeder flocks at 15 weeks old with viral arthritis/tenosynovitis via the drinking water resulted in serologic conversion of two flocks to agar-gel-precipitin (AGP)-positive, while the third flock was still AGP-negative at 24 weeks, but was AGP-positive at 30 weeks old, presumably as a result of natural exposure. Progeny from the two successfully vaccinated breeder flocks remained free of clinical viral arthritis/tenosynovitis and had average condemnation rates of 0.99%. In contrast, six hatches of progeny from the third breeder flock experienced clinical viral arthritis/tenosynovitis and average condemnation rates of 3.64%.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aspergillosis in turkeys associated with use of contaminated litter.

Severe mortality occurred in a flock of 16,000 turkey poults after fresh litter consisting of poplar, oak, sweetgum, and pine shavings was added to the brooder house. Signs and lesions seen were consistent with aspergillosis. Mortality for the first 21 days of brooding was 305 poults. New litter was added on day 21; 6,041 poults died during the next 24 days. Mold counts were done on the original litter and added litter. The mold counts for the original litter was 1.0 X 10(5) organisms per gram of litter. The mold count for the added litter was 2.5 X 10(6) organisms per gram of litter. After the added litter had been treated with nystatin and copper sulfate, the mold count dropped to less than 1 X 10(4) organisms per gram of litter. Mortality was also reduced but not to pre-infection levels. Rales, mucus rhinitis, and airsacculitis due to Escherichia coli developed. Despite treatment, performance of the flock remained poor.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infectious coryza: preventing complicated coryza with Haemophilus gallinarum and Mycoplasma gallisepticum bacterins.

Three types of infectious coryza were produced in unvaccinated chickens by challenge inoculums containing different combinations of Haemophilus gallinarum (HG) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG). Monovalent and combination bacterins of HG and MG were tested to determine their efficacy against chronic complicated infectious coryza. Challenge exposure of vaccinates with MG and HG showed protection against the HG component to be immunotype-specific. Some protection against complicated coryza resulted from HG bacterins only, whereas MG bacterin was ineffective. Protection against transient and chronic coryza was provided by a combination MG-HG bacterin. Two doses of this bacterin gave better protection against upper respiratory clinical signs and lowered the incidence of airsacculitis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malabsorption syndrome in broiler chickens.

A disease syndrome of broiler chickens is described. Affected birds exhibited poor pigmentation of the shanks, decreased weight gains, elevated feed conversions, poor feathering, enlargement of the proventriculus, and a decrease in the size of the gizzard. Reoviruses were isolated from affected chickens from several farms. Signs and lesions similar to those seen in chickens with the field syndrome were reproduced when these isolates were inoculated into day-old chicks with low levels of maternal antibody against viral arthritis. The pathogenicity of the viral isolates was variable. The incidence of lameness was much higher in those groups of chicks injected with these viruses than in the control groups.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Focal failures of endochondral ossification in the broiler.

Two types of cartilaginous lesions were observed in a flock of 400 broilers separated into four groups and fed diets containing different energy and NH4Cl contents. The lesions appeared morphologically, histologically, and etiologically different. One lesion found in the vertebrae of 10 birds consisted of focal thickenings and necrosis of growth cartilages. Affected birds were predominantly faster-growing broilers fed diets without supplemental NH4Cl. The vertebral lesions were similar to osteochondrosis as described in mammals. A second lesion consisting of cones of retained cartilage was present in various long bones of 27.5% of all birds examined. The peak incidence of these dyschondroplastic lesions occurred in the slowest-growing group of 4-week-old birds fed diets containing 3% NH4Cl: 70% of these birds had dyschondroplasia. No positive correlation was found between the incidence of the vertebral lesions of osteochondrosis and the appendicular lesions of dyschondroplasia.

Ammonium Chloride↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infectious tenosynovitis in young turkeys.

Two viruses serologically related to the tenosynovitis virus of chickens were isolated from two flocks of turkeys experiencing outbreaks of tenosynovitis. Both viruses produced a tenosynovitis when injected into the foot pad of young turkeys. Staphylococcus aureus was not isolated from either flock, nor was there any evidence of Mycoplasma synoviae antibody in either flock.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Deletrocephalus dimidiatus infestation in an adult rhea (Pterocnemia pennata).

Infection with the nematode Deletrocephalus dimidiatus was found in the distal small and proximal large intestines of a 30-month-old female rhea that had died after a prolonged illness. Numerous strongyle-like eggs were found on fecal flotation. Possible treatments include fenbendazole (60 ppm in water) and ivermectin (200 mg/kg). Preventive measures such as artificial incubation, segregation of chicks from adults, and placing chicks in uncontaminated environments may help slow or stop the transmission of the parasite.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diazinon toxicity in broilers.

Ten 3-day-old chicks were submitted from a flock experiencing high mortality. Necropsy revealed lacrimation, diarrhea, pleural effusion, hemorrhage and ulceration of the proventriculus, and swollen, hemorrhagic livers. Numerous yellow granules were present in the crop. Assayed crop contents contained 39 ppm diazinon [O,O-diethyl O-(2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidyl)phosphorothioate]. The insecticide had been applied to the litter to control fire ants. The high mortality abated after new litter was added on top of the old litter. Diazinon toxicosis was traced to ingestion of diazinon-impregnated granules and was reproduced experimentally.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute hemorrhagic enterocolitis in ratites: isolation of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus and reproduction of the disease in ostriches and turkey poults.

Two emus died with acute hemorrhagic enterocolitis. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus was isolated in Vero cells from non-pooled samples of brain and intestine. Enterocolitis with splenic and hepatic necrosis was reproduced by intramuscular or oral inoculation of this isolate in two ostriches and three turkey poults.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects on feed consumption and egg production of coffee bean seed (Cassia obtusifolia) fed to White Leghorn hens.

Coffee bean seed (Cassia obtusifolia) was ground and mixed in the feed at levels of 2,5, and 10% and fed to White Leghorn hens. Feed consumption and egg production were reduced by all three although more so at 5 and 10%. Feed consumption and egg production had not returned to control levels four weeks after the adulterated feed was suspended, though the response was more pronounced in the younger birds. The semitendinosus and pectoralis superficialis muscles were pale and edematous at postmortem examination of the birds, being most pronounced at the 5 and 10% levels.

Animal Feed↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adenovirus-induced inclusion body hepatitis in four-day-old broiler breeders.

Two separate parent broiler flocks originating from the same grandparent flock experienced mortalities of 23% and 40%, respectively, in chicks between 1 and 14 days of age. Chicks affected at 4 days of age had tremors, depression, and hypoglycemia. They had pale yellow, swollen, friable livers. Pancreata were discolored and hemorrhagic. Spleens were swollen and sightly darkened. Microscopic lesions consisted of multifocal areas of acute hepatic and pancreatic necrosis with numerous basophilic intranuclear inclusions with karyomegaly. Splenic sections had severe lymphoid depletion and reticular cell and macrophage hyperplasia. An adenovirus from affected livers was isolated in chicken embryo liver cells. Serologic evidence suggests that the grandparent flock began egg production seronegative to adenovirus antibodies, was exposed during production, and, subsequently, shed adenovirus vertically to its progeny. The clinical syndrome was reproduced by injecting the isolated adenovirus into 1-day-old antibody-negative chicks. Histologic lesions in the experimentally reproduced disease cases were identical to those in the naturally occurring cases.

Adenoviridae↗