Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R K Garg.
We report two cases of rhythmic palatal myoclonus (RPM) first presenting with symptoms unrelated to myoclonus and a possible etiology of encephalitis and the second presenting with ear click and palatal myoclonus. The response to treatment was unsatisfactory in both.
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This article is the first of a two-part article on antitrust issues as applicable to certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs). The first part presents an overview of antitrust law and discusses issues related to establishing jurisdiction under federal law. The second part reviews specific antitrust concerns including staff privileges, peer review, price fixing, and insurance. The article concludes by making specific practical recommendations for dealing with antitrust situations.
This article is the second of a two-part article on antitrust issues as applicable to certified registered nurse anesthetist (CRNAs). The first part, presented in the March 1992 issue, provided an overview of antitrust law and discussed issues related to establishing jurisdiction under federal law. The second part, presented in this issue, focuses on specific antitrust areas of concern to the CRNA, including staff privileges, peer review, price fixing, and insurance. Specific practical recommendations for dealing with antitrust situations are offered.
We report a case of herpes zoster oticus with involvement of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve and loss of taste sensation in the anterior two third of the tongue. Infranuclear facial palsy and sensorineural deafness were also present.
ONGC's Hazira Gas-Processing Complex (HGPC) consists of facilities for receiving natural gas along with associated condensate from an off-shore field at a rate of 20 MMN M3 per day. After separating the condensate, which is processed in condensate fractionation units, the gas is processed through various steps to recover LPG and to reduce its dew point to less than 5 degrees C in order to make it suitable for transportation over long distances. The acid gas recovered during the gas-sweetening step is processed to obtain sulphur. The major products manufactured at HGPC therefore are lean sweet gas, LPG, NGL, and sulphur. The Oil and Natural Gas Commission awarded the assignment on Hazard Study and Risk Analysis of their Hazira Gas-Processing Complex (HGPC) to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) in association with the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO). The scope of this assignment covered a number of closely related and fully defined activities normally encountered in this type of work. Identification of hazards through the most appropriate methods, assigning frequency of occurrence of major unwanted incidents, quantification and assessment of probable damage to plant equipment, environment, human and animal life due to an unexpected event, and evaluation of various methods for reducing risk, together constituted the methodology for this assignment. Detailed recommendations aimed at reducing risk and enhancing reliability of plant and machinery were made. This article gives an overview of the assignment.
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Fifteen patients with nephrotic syndrome (9 aged below 30 years), 6 patients with chronic renal failure and 26 healthy males (14 below 30 years) were studied. After estimating the basal serum levels of total cholesterol (STC), triglycerides (STG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), the patients were given a high cholesterol and high fat breakfast (containing 32 g fat and 527 mg cholesterol) for 7 days. Lipoprotein levels were again estimated on days 8 and 16. In the basal state, all patients with nephrotic syndrome had markedly elevated levels of STC and LDL. In patients aged below 30 years, STG and VLDL levels were also elevated, while HDL levels were similar in both the groups in comparison to their respective age group controls. In patients with renal failure, basal levels of all lipoproteins were similar to levels in controls. After the high cholesterol fat diet, there was an insignificant rise in all lipoprotein values in patients with nephrotic syndrome and renal failure. However, HDL levels rose significantly in patients with nephrotic syndrome aged below 30 years. Patients with nephrotic syndrome and chronic renal failure can safely be given high cholesterol and high fat diet despite abnormalities in lipid lipoprotein metabolism.
High density lipoprotein (HDL) is a discoidal particle comprising phospholipid, cholesteryl esters and several apolipoproteins. It serves in transporting cholesterol from the periphery to the liver by the process of "reverse cholesterol transport". Compatible with this is the finding that the mass of the tissue cholesterol pools is inversely related to plasma HDL concentration. The plasma levels of components of HDL are determined by various physiological and pathological factors. The serum HDL levels are lower with advancing age, male sex, and in genetically predisposed, obese, sedentary persons. The effect of diet on serum HDL levels is not established; mild to moderate alcohol intake is associated with high serum HDL level. The main diseases affecting serum HDL levels are uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, uraemia and hyperthyroidism. Anabolic steroids, sex hormones, oral contraceptives, hypocholesterolaemics and beta blockers have been shown to affect serum HDL level variably. There is increasing epidemiological evidence to show that high levels of HDL are protective against coronary heart disease (CHD). A low serum HDL cholesterol concentration (less than 35 mg/dl) is associated with a significant increase in coronary risk in both men and women. Guidelines published by the National Cholesterol Education Programme do not recommend routine measurement of HDL cholesterol and adaptation of therapeutic modalities aiming to raise the low HDL levels. They recommend hygienic means (i.e. smoking cessation, aerobic exercises and weight loss) to raise the HDL cholesterol levels.
The study constituted clinicosocial analysis of 194 cases of osteo-articular tuberculosis. The disease was common in 1st and 2nd decades of life but not rare in old age with male preponderance. Majority of the patients were from rural area belonging to lower economic classes. Lesions were usually solitary (96.4%) situated in the weight bearing bones and joints (88.66%). Spinal tuberculosis was commonest (48.97%). The onset of disease was insidious in 94.8% cases. Chronic pain, swelling, impaired movements, deformities, sinus and cold abscess were found to be salient features of disease. Negligence and secondary infection were common.
The present study comprised of 16 healthy male subjects of 8-12 years (Group A), 18 adolescent males (13-19 years) (Group B) and 20 middle aged volunteers (45-55 years) (Group C), who were fed a high cholesterol high fat diet (HCFD) consecutively for seven days. The serum lipid changes were noted. The diet was then withdrawn. Seven days later the lipid changes were again recorded. At basal stage, serum total cholesterol (STC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly higher in group C in comparison to Group A. LDL/HDL ratio was significantly lower in Group C than that of Group A. Seven days after feeding of HCFD significant elevations occurred in all the lipid subfractions of Groups AB. The rise in STC was mainly because of predominant rise in HDL leading to a significant fall in LDL/HDL ratio. In Group C, elevations occurred in all the lipid fractions except HDL that showed an insignificant rise. LDL/HDL ratio was insignificantly affected. After withdrawal of HCFD, all the lipid levels returned to normal except in Group A, where STC and LDL remained elevated. The LDL/HDL ratio again increased significantly. In conclusion, the serum lipid lipoprotein behaviour in response to HCFD is qualitatively different in young persons as compared to middle aged persons.
We measured the oral and axillary temperatures of 100 individuals (including 40 females) in the medical wards. Twenty six had fever ranging from 37.3 degrees C to 40.5 degrees C while the rest had normal temperature. Although the oral temperature was higher than axillary temperature in all the cases, there was no correlation between the two; in one case the difference was as high as 1 degrees C. We conclude that while recording temperature the site must be clearly stated, and no attempt must be made to extrapolate the axillary to the oral temperature.
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Experimental results obtained by electron diffraction (ED) and extended electron energy loss fine structure (EXELFS) techniques to study the local atomic order in amorphous materials such as carbon, silicon, and its oxides are described. Potential applications of ED and EXELFS techniques and their limitations are also discussed.
Seminal fluid and stains were analyzed by isoelectric focusing to determine the donor phenotype in the alpha-L-fucosidase (AlFuc) polymorphic system. The enzyme is found in both seminal fluid and spermatazoa. Three common phenotypes exist and can be identified in fluid specimens stored at 4 degrees C for more than a year. Untreated semen specimens display more than eight distinct bands of alpha-L-fucosidase activity with isoelectric points of pH 6.6 and below. Neuraminidase-treated specimens have enhanced banding patterns cathodally with a loss of activity in anodal bands making it easier to phenotype specimens. Semen stains maintained in dehumidified chambers at 25 or 37 degrees C retained activity for at least one month and could be accurately phenotyped. Activity was observed in semen specimens maintained at -20 degrees C in the dried state for a period of one year, whereas a complete loss of activity was observed after two weeks in similar specimens maintained at 25 or 37 degrees C under humid conditions. Of seventy-four semen stains analyzed, two had no apparent activity. Of the remaining seventy-two specimens 56, 32, and 12% were phenotyped as FUC 1-1, FUC 2-1, and FUC 2-2, respectively. Calculated gene frequencies are FUC1 = 0.72 and FUC2 = 0.28. Following analysis of alpha-L-fucosidase, the agarose gel can be chemically developed to reveal the PGM1 subtyping pattern. The ability to phenotype both systems in semen stains significantly improves the ability of the analyst to individualize this type of physical evidence. The probability of discrimination for these two combined systems is approximately 0.89.
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