Transfer of research technology to clinical practice--what are the criteria?
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Amylases↗
Biomedical subjects
R K Brynes
Publications and source records attributed to R K Brynes.
Prolonged and concurrent lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia in a patient with monocytic leukemia.
Lactic acidosis or hypoglycemia occasionally occurs in patients with neoplastic diseases. We have described a patient with monocytic leukemia who had both, apparently as a result of marked leukemic infiltration of the liver. These metabolic anomalies were greatly ameliorated by chemotherapy. Thus, in leukemia and other malignant disorders in which significant liver infiltration is present, these metabolic derangements should be looked for, as their presence may call for a prompt and intensive treatment.
Acidosis↗
Cycochemical profiles in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Lymphoblasts from 61 untreated patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), classified according to the French-American-British (FAB) morphologic classification, were studied for cytochemical characteristics and membrane surface markers. Seventy-three % (eight of 11) of patients with E-rosette positive lymphoblasts (T ALL) had strong focal paranuclear acid phosphatase (AcP) activity in more than 75% of their lymphoblasts; lymphoblasts from only 6% (three of 48) (p = 0.005) of patients with E-rosette negative, surface immunoglobulin negative lymphoblasts (non-T, non-B ALL) exhibited this characteristic AcP activity. The non-T, non-B ALL cases that manifested focal paranuclear AcP activity had clinical features more characteristic of the T ALL cases. The distribution of beta-glucuronidase activity in the lymphoblast cytoplasm was similar to that of AcP for T ALL and non-T, non-B ALL but the stain was generally more difficult to interpret THan the AcP and was a less reliable indicator of immunologic type of ALL. The periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and nonspecific esterase stains were not useful in distinguishing between T ALL and non-T, non-B ALL but PAS negativity was associated with certain clinical features within the non-T, non-B ALL group. Cytochemical evaluation of the lymphoblasts at diagnosis in patients with ALL may be useful in identifying subsets of ALL that have distinct immunologic and clinical characteristics and important therapeutic and prognostic implications.
Acid Phosphatase↗
The leukemic phase of histiocytic lymphoma. Histologic, cytologic, cytochemical, ultrastructural, immunologic and cytogenetic observations in a case.
A case of histiocytic lymphoma that progressed to a leukemic phase was studied by various methods. Although the cells were found to bear a superficial morphologic resemblance to histiocytes, they more closely resembled transformed lymphocytes. Immunologic markers strongly supported a B-lymphoid origin in this case, while cytogenetic analysis indicated a large number of consistent chromosomal rearrangements, including a translocation involving chromosomes Nos. 8 and 14 which has been previously reported to occur primarily in Burkitt's lymphoma.
B-Lymphocytes↗
Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy. An approach to a thorough study.
Recent advances in the treatment of hematologic malignancies have been paralleled by renewed interest on the part of pathologists and hematologists in methods of obtaining and preparing bone marrow for diagnostic studies. A thorough bone marrow morphologic study involves examination of peripheral blood smears, direct, particle, and buffy coat bone marrow smears, trephine biopsy imprints, particle and trephine biopsy sections, and marrow volumetric data. The information obtained from the study of these various specimens is complementary. Frequently it is a combination of clues gathered from examination of several different preparations that leads to a correct diagnosis. Utilization of biopsy material by the methods described provides complete, accurate and reproducible information and minimizes the necessity for repeating a biopsy for morphologic diagnosis or ancillary studies.
Anemia, Aplastic↗
Premature coronary atherosclerosis in a 5-year-old with corticosteroid-refractory nephrotic syndrome.
We report the case of a 5-year-old girl who died two years after onset of the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, which failed to respond to treatment with corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide. Severe atherosclerotic changes were noted in both coronary arteries. Prolonged hyperlipidemia in patients with long-standing nephrotic syndrome may represent a major risk factor predisposing to premature coronary atherosclerosis in children who are also destined to develop chronic renal failure.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Adenosine deaminase activity in lymphocytes of normal persons, leukemic patients, and kidney-transplant recipients.
We determined the activity of adenosine deaminase in normal lymphocytes from peripheral blood, leukemic cells from patients with various hematologic malignancies, and mononuclear cells from kidney-transplant patients, by adapting the method of Hopkinson et al. [Ann. Hum. Genet. 32, 361 (1969)] to the centrifugal analyzer. Normal lymphocytes separated on Ficoll-Hypaque from peripheral blood had a mean activity of 1.42 U/10(9) cells (SD = 0.57; N = 33). Cells similarly isolated from patients with acute lymphoproliferative and myeloproliferative disease generally showed greater values, but the ranges overlapped. Cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia had activities that were within or below the normal range. Mononuclear cells isolated from the peripheral blood of 15 stable renal allograft recipients showed a mean activity of 1.90 U/10(9) cells (SD = 0.59), not significantly different from normal. In contrast, cells from five patients with biopsy-proven allograft rejection showed a mean activity of 12.84 U/10(9) cells (SD = 10.10), which was significantly different from that of the stable patients.
Adenosine Deaminase↗
Acute monocytic leukemia. Cytologic, histologic, cytochemical, ultrastructural, and cytogenetic observations.
A case of acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) studied by cytologic, histologic, cytochemical, ultrastructural, and cytogenetic technics is reported. The immature monocytes were characterized by strong fluoride-sensitive nonspecific esterase activity. Nuclear irregularity, prominent nucleoli, erythrophagocytosis, and pinocytosis were observed on transmission electron microscopy, whereas broad-based ruffles, similar to those found on normal monocytes, were identified with scanning electron microscopy. Cytogenetic analysis showed an 8/9 translocation and four or five identical 8p- marker chromosomes in most bone marrow cells.
Bone Marrow↗
Human cord blood lymphocytes. Ultrastructural and immunologic surface marker characteristics; a comparison with B- and T-cell lymphomas.
The ultrastructural and surface marker characteristics of human cord blood lymphocytes were studied. These properties were compared with those in cells of patients in the leukemic phase of both malignant lymphoma, poorly differentiated lymphocytic type, and mycosis fungoides. Nuclear folding in cord blood lymphocytes was similar to that seen in lymphocytes of patients with malignant lymphoma, poorly differentiated lymphocytic type and mycosis fungoides. Surface marker characteristics of cord blood lymphocytes included increased percentages of surface IgD on cells bearing surface immunoglobulins and decreased percentages of E-rosette-forming cells. The hypothesis that both malignant lymphoma, poorly differentiated lymphocytic type and mycosis fungoides represent an arrest in the normal lymphocyte maturation sequence is discussed.
Adult↗
Letter: Surface ultrastructural changes of lymphoid cells in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
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Aged↗
Mesocolic lymph node histology is an important prognostic indicator for patients with carcinoma of the sigmoid colon: an immunomorphologic study.
Histologic parameters which are thought to reflect either cell-mediated (T cell) or humoral (B cell) immune responses in lymph nodes have been studied in regional lymph nodes draining carcinoma of the sigmoid colon. Patients whose lymph nodes show morphological evidence of cell-mediated immunity, manifested either by an increased number of paracortical immunoblasts or sinus histiocytosis, survive significantly longer than those whose lymph nodes show no such changes. Patients whose lymph nodes show simultaneous paracortical activity and sinus histiocytosis have the best survival of all. Of this latter group, 11/13 (83 percent) are living without signs of recurrent tumor 5 or more years after surgery. Histologic parameters which suggest an antibody-mediated immune response (germinal center activity) were not an important prognostic indicator. The occurrence of favorable lymph node histology does not appear to significantly correlate with the modified Duke's classification. Rather, the favorable changes allow selection of a large proportion of those patients within the various Duke's categories who are destined to become long-term survivors.
Antibody Formation↗
The Sézary syndrome cell: surface ultrastructural characteristics.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a patient with Sézary syndrome which lacked E-rosette-forming ability and surface immunoglobulins, and which displayed a markedly depressed response to a variety of mitogens, were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on 3 occasions. The first peripheral blood sample (smooth) differed significantly from two later samples (moderate numbers of microvilli) when surface characteristics were examined by SEM; these differences were confirmed by TEM. The Sézary syndrome cells in this patient may be related to a T lymphocyte which has lost certain surface markers and mitogen response characteristics through a process of de-differentiation.
Cell Membrane↗
Diagnosis of busulfan lung by transcatheter biopsy.
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Autopsy↗
Anti-BLA.36 monoclonal antibody shows reactivity with Hodgkin's cells and B lymphocytes in frozen and paraffin-embedded tissues.
A newly developed monoclonal antibody, anti-BLA.36, raised against a Hodgkin cell line, was shown to have reactivity with Reed-Sternberg cells and activated B lymphocytes and appears to be distinct from other antibodies which identify antigens of hematopoietic cells. Anti-BLA.36 was evaluated in B5-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from 16 cases of Hodgkin's disease of various types and 35 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas representative of the different major subtypes. The specificity of anti-BLA.36 was compared with other antibodies that have been used to mark Hodgkin's cells and B lymphocytes: namely, L26, LN-1, Leu-M1 and Ber-H2, as well as UCHL-1, a pan-T lymphocyte marker. In addition, a subset of the cases was evaluated using frozen tissue in order to validate the staining characteristics of anti-BLA.36 as observed in fixed paraffin sections. Anti-BLA.36 was found to react with Hodgkin's cells more consistently than the other antibodies used in this panel. The antibody reacted with an antigen on Reed-Sternberg cells and their variants (Hodgkin's cells) in all four subtypes of Hodgkin's disease, and with a subset of reactive and malignant B lymphocytes, but not with T lymphocytes. It may, therefore, be useful in the evaluation of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Finally, this is the first antibody raised to a Hodgkin's cell line which also consistently marks reactive and malignant B cells, but not T cells. The implications of this observation are discussed in relation to the cellular origin of the Reed-Sternberg cell and the overall nature of Hodgkin's disease.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗