Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Jouve

Publications and source records attributed to R Jouve.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Cicletanide improves outcome after left circumflex coronary artery occlusion-reperfusion in the dog.

The possible antifibrillatory effect of cicletanide, a new diuretic antihypertensive drug, was investigated at random in 50 anesthetized dogs subjected to left circumflex coronary artery ligation for 60 min and later reperfused. In this model, standard electrocardiographic leads 2 and 3 were continuously registered to measure delta R wave percent changes, to count the number of ventricular premature beats, and to document the onset of ventricular fibrillation; aortic pressure was recorded; 6-keto PGF1 alpha and TXB2 plasma levels were determined. Cicletanide significantly reduced early (Phase 1a) postischemic ventricular fibrillation (5 of 25 vs. 12 of 25, p = 0.036) but failed to reduce the incidence of global ischemia-induced ventricular fibrillation. On the other hand, the incidence of postreperfusion ventricular fibrillation was lower in the cicletanide group (1 of 14 vs. 5 of 9, p = 0.04). In addition, the total survival rate was improved in cicletanide treated dogs (p = 0.0257). While the rate-pressure product was lowered by the drug independent of the presence of ischemia, delta R% changes after occlusion were less in treated dogs than in controls. Moreover, the drug reduced significantly the number of ventricular premature beats in the early (Phase 1a) postischemic period. Finally, the drug increased (mean two-fold) the plasma levels of 6-keto PGF1 alpha as compared with controls; however, this increase was less than that achieved (mean 20-fold) after 100 ng/kg/min epoprostenol (prostacyclin) given in a further series of animals. Thus, improved outcome follows 10 mg/kg i.v. cicletanide administration in this model.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alteration in prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2 production. Correlation with changes in human aortic atherosclerotic disease.

Prostacyclin (PGI2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was investigated in human aortas (five controls and 27 with atherosclerotic lesions). The specific activities of PGI2 and PGE2 synthetase were studied using radioimmunoassays of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGE1 alpha of aortic microsomes incubated in the presence of additional substrate and cofactors. The atherosclerotic lesions were examined under the light microscope and were classified as Stage 1 when the disease was restricted to the intima and as Stages 2 and 3 when there were moderate or advanced lesions. Prostaglandin production for the control group (n = 5), Stage 1 (n = 7), Stage 2 (n = 10), and Stage 3 (n = 10) were as follows: 454 +/- 15, 162 +/- 81, 92 +/- 90, and 65 +/- 61 pmol 6-K-PGF1 alpha/50 mg protein/10 minutes; and 15 +/- 12, 399 +/- 406, 227 +/- 174, and 366 +/- 362 pmol PGE2/50 mg protein/10 minutes (mean +/- SD) respectively. We conclude that: 1) In normal aortas, PGE2 production was low, while PGI2 synthesis activity was elevated. The reverse situation was observed in aortas with atherosclerosis lesions (p less than 0.05). 2) There was an inverse relationship between PGE2 and PGI1 production (p less than 0.05). 3) There was a direct histologic relationship between lower PGI2 production and atherosclerosis progression. A decided decline in 6-K-PGF1 alpha production was detected in aortas in the early stages (65% of control values). 4) By contrast, a progressive increase in PGE2 production was found in Stage 2 and Stage 3 groups (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Calcium channel blockers in ischemic cardiopathies].

Calcium-entry blockers are the drugs of choice in coronary spasm, unstable angina, and when patients do not have any effort limitation. However, beta-blockers, without sympathomimetic activity, remain the treatment of angina pectoris. When clinical situation is difficult to control, association calcium blockers and bêta-blockers are more efficient than monotherapy. In myocardial infarction, results are controversial: calcium channel blockers should be administered only with beta-blockers.

Angina Pectoris↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental and clinical pharmacology of bretylium tosylate in acute myocardial infarction: a 15-year journey.

Experimental and clinical studies demonstrate the antifibrillatory effectiveness of bretylium tosylate: Experimental ventricular fibrillation induced either by electrical stimulation or by ischemia is prevented by bretylium. In 2,000 acute myocardial infarction patients who received bretylium prophylactically primary ventricular fibrillation occurred in less than 1% of cases. In a randomized hemodynamic study in acute myocardial infarction patients bretylium induced a significant decrease in heart rate, systolic and mean left ventricular pressures, and in systolic and mean aortic pressures. In addition, a parallel and significant decrease in total pulmonary and systemic resistances was seen, accompanied by decreases in tension time and left ventricular (delta P/delta V) indexes. Bretylium tosylate induces stabilization of electrical systole duration (QTc) in acute myocardial infarction patients. The conclusions of the present review strongly support those of the United States Food and Drug Administration, approving bretylium for prophylaxis and treatment of ventricular fibrillation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epoprostenol (PGI2) prevents postischemic ventricular fibrillation and improves outcome in a canine model of sudden death.

In a left circumflex coronary artery occlusion-reperfusion canine model of sudden death the hemodynamic, antiplatelet, antiischemic and antifibrillatory activities of 100 ng.kg-1.min-1 infusion of epoprostenol (Prostacyclin, Flolan, Wellcome Foundation, London, UK) were investigated at random in 40 animals. Significant changes were observed on epoprostenol infusion for mean arterial blood pressure (80 +/- 4 vs 93 +/- 7 mmHg, p less than 0.01), systemic vascular resistance (2379 +/- 769 vs 3290 +/- 768 dynes.s.cm-5, p less than 0.01) and rate-pressure product (10800 +/- 1200 vs 13450 +/- 2500 mmHg.beat.min-1, p less than 0.01) while heart rate did not change. In addition platelet aggregation intensity to ADP decreased by 50% (p less than 0.001). On occlusion treated animals presented with lower systemic vascular resistance (3132 +/- 895 vs 4931 +/- 1079 dynes.s.cm-5, p less than 0.05), rate-pressure product (9950 +/- 850 vs 12168 +/- 1980 mmHg.beat.min-1, p less than 0.01) and mean heart rate (145 +/- 10 vs 169 +/- 10 beats.min-1, p less than 0.01) while the anti-platelet activity persisted. A lower D2-3 mean ST segment elevation occurred at 3 min postocclusion in epoprostenol treated dogs (7.7 +/- 5 vs 14 +/- 8.7 mm, p less than 0.02). The incidence of postischemic ventricular fibrillation was significantly reduced (5/20 i.e. 25% vs 12/20 i.e. 60%, p less than 0.05) in the epoprostenol treated dogs. At the end of the occlusion-reperfusion period treated animals showed an improvement of outcome (10/20 i.e. 50% vs 2/20 i.e. 10%, p less than 0.01). It is suggested that the hemodynamic effect of the drug may provide guidelines for the clinical management of patients with acute myocardial ischemia, when a concomitant antiarrhythmic effect is looked for.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A new approach to the left ventricular ejection time by systolic time intervals measurement with carotid arterial Doppler. Statistical study of correlation in one hundred and thirteen cases (author's transl)].

The authors have determined systolic time intervals with carotid arterial Doppler system in a group of 113 healthy subjects. These systolic time intervals, were independent of age but strongly influenced by heart rate, and highly significant correlated with phonocardiographic and carotid arterial pulse tracings, according to the method described by Weissler. However Doppler index, no significantly correlated with heart rate, seems to us a better assessment of left ventricular performance than Weissler index. New reports on the hemodynamic determinants in healthy subjects and in patient with chronic heart failure are necessary.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bretylium tosylate--induced stabilization of electrical systole duration in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

The electrical systole duration (QTc), heart rate, and the QTc/QTt ratio were studied during the hospital course of an uncomplicated AMI in 13 patients treated with bretylium tosylate (10 mg/mg/24 hr over 5 days since confirmation of AMI) and in 19 controls. The QTc/QTt ratio showed prolongation of electrical systole duration in control subjects with a maximal value at the second day after AMI. QTc increased in these patients from day 1 to day 2 after AMI (402 +/- 4 msec vs. 430 +/- 3 msec, p less than 0.05) and decreased in the following days (p less than 0.05). During hospitalization cardiac rate was constant in both groups. In contrast, patients treated with bretylium tosylate showed a stable duration of QTc and the QTc/QTt ratio did not indicate prolongation of electrical systole duration. After drug discontinuation a slight increase in QTc duration was noticed (391 +/- 6 msec vs. 413 +/- 5 msec, p less than 0.05). These observations may contribute to the understanding of the antiarrhythmic action of bretylium and would indicate its usefullness in AMI patients with prolonged QTc and high risk of life-threatening arrhythmias.

Adult↗