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Biomedical subjects

R Jost

Publications and source records attributed to R Jost.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Bacterial gastrointestinal infections: acute gastroenteritis].

The diagnosis of bacterial gastrointestinal infections is based on anamnesis, clinical signs and simple examinations of feces (fecal leucocytes, occult blood). Thereby it can be decided, whether a microbial identification by culture or an antibiotic therapy is indicated. In case of noninvasive infections mediated by enterotoxins, an oral substitution of liquid will suffice. An antibiotic therapy is indicated in case of severe, febrile dysentery, shigellosis, cholera, typhoid fever as well as severe infections by salmonella and clostridium difficile.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Campylobacter pylori colonization of the antrum: effect of gastrin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and neurotensin].

Campylobacter pylori (C.p.) infection is often found in patients with antral gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. Pathophysiological links are still unclear, and we therefore tested the hypothesis whether C.p. affects the gastrointestinal peptides and thus influences gastric acid secretion and protective factors. 94 patients were examined by upper GI endoscopy and blood analyzed for gastrin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and neurotensin. Biopsies of antral mucosa were investigated for C.p. in urease testing, culture and microscopy. C.p. was found in 42 patients (45%). In microscopy all of these patients had chronic gastritis (100%). A significant increase in gastrin uninfluenced by C.p. was found in patients with antral gastritis (normal: 6.4 +/- 0.7, [n = 27]; gastritis without C.p.: 18.4 +/- 5.9 [p less than 0.02], [n = 7]; gastritis with C.p.: 10.7 +/- 2.2, [n = 22]). Somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide and neurotensin showed no difference.

Campylobacter↗
PubMed1989

Tryptic phosphopeptides from whole casein. II. Physicochemical properties related to the solubilization of calcium.

Casein phosphopeptides (CPP) were produced by tryptic hydrolysis of sodium caseinate and further purified by precipitation and chromatography on QAE-Sephadex A-25. Their physico-chemical properties were compared with the properties of an enzymically dephosphorylated equivalent preparation (DPP). Binding of Ca2+ to the peptides was measured using a Ca selective electrode and was found to increase with pH and to show 1/1 stoicheiometry Ca/Porg in CPP at pH 6.5 and 7.6. Klotz plots indicated equivalent binding sites at these two pH values, but some heterogeneity was seen at pH 3.5. In contrast, DPP did not bind significant amounts of Ca2+. CPP effectively inhibited the formation of insoluble calcium phosphates at different Ca/P ratios. The effective CPP concentration was 10 mg/l and complete stability of calcium phosphate solutions was obtained at about 100 mg/l. This stabilizing effect was dependent on the presence of organic P.

Calcium↗
PubMed1988

[Endoscopic therapy of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A breakthrough in non-variceal bleeding?].

Endoscopic therapy adds a new tool to the management of acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Endoscopic sclerotherapy being now a well established therapy for acute variceal bleeding, a simple and effective therapy for nonvariceal bleeding was missing. Recently coagulation therapy with laser, electric current or thermocouples has come into use, but injection therapy with hemostatic and sclerosing agents seems a simple, costeffective and relatively safe method. In uncontrolled trials the overall success rate in achieving hemostasis was over 90% and the need for emergency surgery was dramatically reduced. Injection therapy appears to be a major advance in the treatment of nonvariceal bleeding, especially in high risk patients.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

Functional hyposplenia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation is detected by epinephrine stimulation test and splenic ultrasonography.

Splenic function was evaluated after subcutaneous epinephrine injection (0.5 mg/m2) in 15 bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients, 10 healthy volunteers and 5 healthy asplenic men. Healthy volunteers and BMT recipients with minor primary induction chemotherapy (mRx) showed similar rise in platelet (plt) and neutrophil granulocyte (PMN) counts and similar contraction of spleen. Patients with intensive primary induction chemotherapy (MRx), however, had significantly smaller spleens and spleen contraction (p less than 0.02) and no plt increase (p less than 0.05) when compared with healthy volunteers. 2 patients with MRx even exhibited a decrement of plt count after epinephrine, similar to that observed in all 5 healthy asplenic subjects tested. Our results suggest that mRx and conditioning for BMT including total body irradiation (TBI) does not alter the splenic function, but that the combination of MRx and conditioning regimen including TBI may cause functional hyposplenism, sensitively revealed by reduction in plt count after epinephrine stimulation.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

Difficulty in initiating and maintaining sleep associated with cow's milk allergy in infants.

To confirm that sleeplessness in infants can be related to an undiagnosed allergy to cow's milk proteins, 71 infants were studied. Group I consisted of 20 infants referred for chronic insomnia that had appeared in the early days of life. Group II was made up of 31 infants admitted for skin or digestive symptoms attributed to cow's milk intolerance; 13 of these infants were shown to sleep as poorly as the infants of group I. Group III consisted of 20 infants with no history of sleep disturbance or milk allergy. The three groups of infants were comparable for sex and age. Laboratory tests revealed immunologic reactions to milk in all the infants in groups I and II. The sleep of the insomniac infants (group I, and the 13 "poor sleepers" in group II) became normal after cow's milk was eliminated from the diet. Insomnia reappeared when the infants in group I were challenged with milk. We conclude that infants with clinically evident milk allergy may suffer from sleeplessness and that when no evident cause for a chronic insomnia can be found in an infant the possibility of milk allergy should be given serious consideration.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[IE and IgG antibodies against flavonoids following therapy with flavonoid-containing drugs].

During treatment with flavonoid drugs a number of patients developed adverse reactions such as fever, various skin eruptions and intravascular hemolysis. The appearance of flavonoid-specific IgE and IgG antibodies and its possible relation to the observed side effects was studied on a total of 168 individuals treated with flavonoid drugs: 71 patients received troxerutin (Venoruton) parenterally to improve tolerance of radiation therapy, 12 patients were treated intravenously with silymarin (Legalon) for amanita intoxication and 77 patients received various flavonoid drugs for other indications. Flavonoid treatment often induced specific IgG antibodies and less frequently IgE antibodies. After short treatment IgE antibodies were more frequently detected than after treatment of longer duration which nearly always induced IgG antibodies. Patients with hemolysis had the highest IgG titers. In cases with fever and skin eruptions no correlation with antibody titers became evident. Antibody production in patients undergoing radiation therapy appeared to be lower than in non-irradiated patients. Both the IgE and IgG antibody test show a remarkable cross-reactivity between four different flavonoids. Prospective studies will be necessary to decide whether or not this method for the detection of anti-flavonoid antibodies will be suitable for recognizing increased risk of side reactions upon reexposure to flavonoid drugs.

Catechin↗
PubMed1986

Casein phosphopeptides: their effect on calcification of in vitro cultured embryonic rat bone.

The effect of casein phosphopeptides (CPP) and enzymatically dephosphorylated, otherwise identical peptides (DPP) on Ca solubility and mineralization was studied in an in vitro model. The model consisted of explanted embryonic rat bone rudiments (femora, tibiae, and metatarsals), cultured in Bigger's medium at two different concentrations of total calcium (1.78 mM and 3.24 mM). The medium enabled growth of the explants, but minor or no mineralization took place during a culture period of 11 days. The medium was unstable with respect to Ca solubility, and measurements with a selective electrode showed that during most of the time the actual concentration of soluble, ionic Ca2+ was not higher than about 0.7 mM. CPP added at a concentration of 10 mg/100 ml of the medium vastly improved Ca-solubility under culture conditions. The mean concentration of soluble, ionic Ca2+ in the presence of the peptides was 1.4 mM at total calcium = 1.78 mM and 2.3 mM at the higher total calcium level (3.24 mM). Rudiments cultured in the presence of CPP showed impressive increases in calcification of their diaphyseal area. This progress in mineralization was quantitatively assayed by measuring the projected dark diaphyseal area at the beginning and at the end of the culture period. It was also verified by histological sections of the rudiments. DDP did not enhance Ca solubility of the culture medium, nor did explants cultured in the presence of 10 mg/100 ml of DPP show any significant progress in mineralization. This indicated that the activity of CPP was dependent on the presence of serine-linked phosphate groups.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Hospital mortality of acute myocardial infarct in Switzerland according to VESKA (Swiss Hospital Association) diagnosis statistics 1970, 1975 and 1981].

During the period spanned by the years 1970, 1975 and 1981, in-hospital mortality from acute myocardial infarction in Swiss hospitals fell by a total of 30%. The decrease was most marked in small and medium sized hospitals, in which mortality was highest in 1970. At the same time, the average length of hospital stay declined by some 50%. The possible causes of this development are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Allergenicity of whey protein: its modification by tryptic in vitro hydrolysis of the protein.

Enzymatic in vitro hydrolysis was evaluated as a possible treatment to abolish the allergenicity of whey proteins in view of their use in infant formulas. Guinea pigs without prior immunological contact (including fetal life) with cow's milk were fed various preparations of cow's milk proteins. Oral exposure to milk or untreated whey protein led to anaphylactic sensitization of the animals. In contrast, trypsin-hydrolyzed whey protein and a peptide preparation produced from the tryptic hydrolysate by ultrafiltration were devoid of sensitizing capacity by the oral route. The hydrolysate (crude or purified) was also ineffective in triggering local or systemic anaphylaxis in previously sensitized animals.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1983

Amino acid-enriched plasteins: a source of limiting amino acids for the weanling rat.

The biological availability to the weanling rat of two amino acid-enriched plasteins, tryptophan and methionine plastein, was tested. In both experiments rats were fed diets containing graded levels of the amino acid either in the free form or as the amino acid-enriched plastein. The first experiment tested the utilization of tryptophan plastein. The results as indicated by weight gain, food intake and plasma levels of tryptophan showed that the tryptophan in the plastein was utilized to the same extent as the free amino acid. Brain tryptophan levels correlated better with plasma Trp:neutral amino acid ratios (r = 0.83) than with plasma tryptophan itself (r = 0.63) suggesting that the small changes observed in plasma amino acid profiles were responsible for differences in the brain tryptophan concentrations among the L-tryptophan and tryptophan plastein groups. In the second experiment, utilization of methionine plastein was tested. Based on weight gain and food intake data, it was concluded that methionine plastein was also utilized to the same extent as free L-methionine.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1981

Involvement of cyclic AMP in the regulations of lymphokine induced glia cell stimulation.

T and B lymphocytes of human or murine origin were found to secrete a factor which increases the DNA and RNA synthesis of cultured glia cells. This factor, termed glia cell stimulating factor (GSF), is released upon stimulation of such immune cells by mitogen or antigen qualifying it as a lymphokine. In this communication we report on the role of cyclic AMP (cAMP) in regulating the effect of GSF on glia cells. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), isoproterenol and theophylline were effective in suppressing the GSF-induced increase of the glia cell proliferation. No inhibition of DNA synthesis and no decrease in cell number was observed when testing these substances on glia cells not being activated by GSF. The drugs were found to induce an increase in cAMP concentrations of glia cells. A partial desensitization of the glia cells to these drug induced elevations of cAMP was detected after pretreatment of the glia cell cultures with GSF. It is suggested that stimulated lymphocytes not only release GSF but also low molecular weight proteins such as PGE1 which regulate the effects of GSF on glia cells by activating their adenylate cyclase.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1981

Racemization of free and protein-bound amino acids in strong mineral acid.

A new GC/MS technique was applied to measure the racemization of amino acids in strong mineral acid. The inversion rate constants of 15 free amino acids were determined under standard hydrolysis conditions (110 degrees, 6 N HCl in evacuated vacuum-sealed tubes). The variations in the inversion rate constants of all tested amino acids with the exception of serine and threonine were related to two factors: side-chain electron-withdrawing capacity ( sigma ) and steric hindrance in the vicinity of the alpha-hydrogen atom. The rate constants for serine and threonine were much lower than expected. Hydrolysis-induced racemization of protein-bound amino acids was investigated with alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin. Significant differences were observed as compared with the racemization rates of free amino acids. Such discrepancies were also observed between the two proteins. In the early stage of alpha-lactalbumin hydrolysis, 10% inversion of methionine was measured as compared with less than 0.5% in the case of beta-lactoglobulin. We attributed the particular behaviour of methionine in alpha-lactalbumin to the neighborhood of a cysteine residue on the carboxyl side.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1979

[Hepatitis virus B infection and hepatopathy after kidney transplantation].

Serological markers for hepatitis virus B (HBV) infection and the occurrence of hepatopathies were analyzed in 152 patients during the hemodialysis period and on average 3.8 years after receiving a renal allotransplant. At the beginning of hemodialysis, 25% of the patients showed signs of an ongoing or past infection with HBV (10% hepatitis virus B surface-antigen [HBsAG] positive and 15% anti-HBsAG positive). At the time of transplantation, 20% of the patients were positive for HBsAG and 25% had detectable anti-HBs. At the end of the study, 31% of the patients were positive for HBsAG and 25% had detectable anti-HBs. In 21 patients (14%) inflammatory liver disorders were observed: transitory hepatitis (7 patients), chronic persistent hepatitis (7 patients), chronic aggressive hepatitis (3 patients) and active cirrhosis (2 patients). Two patients had died in liver coma. All 21 patients with inflammatory hepatopathy had detectable HBsAG at the time of diagnosis, and all patients with chronic inflammatory liver disease were HBs carriers. In most of these patients the carrier state had been present for more than 3 years before diagnosis.

Carrier State↗