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Biomedical subjects

R Jones

Publications and source records attributed to R Jones.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

An intoxication involving BRON and verapamil.

A case is presented in which the body of a 19-year-old white male was found in his family's quarters by his mother. An autopsy failed to determine the cause of death, and specimens were sent out for toxicologic analysis. No ethanol or volatile substances were detected in the blood, urine, or vitreous fluid. Comprehensive drug testing of the urine identified chlorpheniramine, dihydrocodeine, methylephedrine, salicylate, and verapamil. The first three drugs listed appear together in an over-the-counter cold medication in Japan, under the trade name BRON. Blood quantitations (in mg/L) were as follows: chlorpheniramine, 2.6; dihydrocodeine, 4.7; methylephedrine, 5.6; salicylate, 150; and verapamil, 6.0. The cause of death was multiple drug intoxication, and the manner of death was suicide.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A multiple drug intoxication involving cyclobenzaprine and ibuprofen.

A 19-year-old black man presented to the emergency room with superficial cuts on the anterior wrists, lethargy, tachycardia, and metabolic acidosis. Multiple containers of medication were found at the scene. Dysrhythmias developed and the patient died 7 h after admission. No anatomic cause of death was identifiable at autopsy. Toxicologic analysis identified the following drugs in the blood (mg/L): cyclobenzaprine (0.3), phenylpropanolamine (2.5), chlorpheniramine (0.2), lidocaine (6.6), phenytoin (19), and ibuprofen (130). Lidocaine and phenytoin had been administered therapeutically. The major symptoms displayed by the patient were tachycardia and metabolic acidosis, symptoms consistent with cyclobenzaprine and ibuprofen intoxication, respectively. Therefore, the medical examiner ruled that the cause of death was multiple drug intoxication and that the manner of death was suicide.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Circulatory and respiratory effects of the combination medetomidine-ketamine in beagles.

The cardiovascular and respiratory parameters of eight laboratory beagles were measured before and after the simultaneous injection of medetomidine (40 micrograms/kg bw) and ketamine (5 mg/bg bw). This combination produced a significant alteration in cardiovascular function. The heart rate, the stroke volume and cardiac output decreased while the systemic vascular resistance increased. These effects were attributed principally to the alpha 2 agonist compound combined with the moderate stimulatory effect of ketamine. The respiratory parameters were little affected by this protocol.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
PubMed1993

Fibrin cuff lysis in chronic venous ulcers treated with a hydrocolloid dressing.

BACKGROUND: Pericapillary fibrin cuffs (PFC) are a recognized part of the pathology of venous stasis ulcers. A hydrocolloid dressing capable of lysing wound surface fibrin was tested in venous ulcers for its capacity to lyse pericapillary fibrin below the wound surface. METHODS: Tissue biopsies from the rims of 19 venous ulcers were evaluated for thickness of shallow and deep dermal PFCs before and after treatment with DuoDERM covered by Unna's boot and a compression bandage (DD+UB; n = 9) versus the same treatment without the hydrocolloid dressing (UB; n = 10). Frozen sections of all biopsies were stained with an immunofluorescent antibody to fibrin for rating of PFC thickness. Separate sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to assess capillary frequency, histopathology, and inflammation. All ratings and pathology assessments were performed blinded to treatment conditions. RESULTS: Both deep and shallow PFCs were reduced in 89% of ulcers treated with DD+UB versus 40% of ulcers treated with UB (alpha < 0.04). No other significant differences in inflammation, histopathology, or capillary frequency were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with DD+UB reduced PCFs in twice the number of ulcers than UB alone in 1 week. This is the first scientific documentation that a topical wound dressing could reduce the pathophysiology associated with venous ulcers, beyond the known beneficial effect of graduated compression. Not all hydrocolloid dressing are fibrinolytic, so this effect may not generalize to other dressings.

Bandages↗
PubMed1993

Lymphoma: monitoring tumor size and signal intensity with MR imaging.

To assess the potential value of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in monitoring disease status, 34 patients with residual masses underwent MR imaging at sequential intervals. Patterns of signal intensity suggestive of active and inactive residual disease were compared to changes in tumor size. The signal intensity pattern was suggestive of persistent disease in 18 patients, even though tumor size was stable or decreased. Three of these patterns, seen within 6 months of initiation of therapy, were due to necrosis or inflammation. The MR imaging assessment of inactive disease was confirmed in 15 of the remaining 16 patients. In no case was an increase in tumor size seen in conjunction with a decrease in signal intensity. Because tumor size and signal intensity changes are not parallel in many cases, MR imaging may have a role in monitoring masses in patients with lymphoma. Signal intensity patterns, however, reflect gross histologic characteristics and cannot be considered specific, especially in the first 6 months after initiation of therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Teaching preschool children with disabilities to respond to the lures of strangers.

An investigation was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a constant-time-delay procedure used in combination with multiple exemplars of strangers, lures, and sites to teach a generalized response to the lures of strangers to four preschool children with disabilities. Although the correct response was quickly acquired in the training site, the response failed to generalize to the probe sites until training was conducted in vivo. Instruction in vivo resulted in acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of the response to strangers' lures. Generalization occurred across probes with novel exemplars of lures, strangers, and sites.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1993

Incidence of dementia in a representative British sample.

In a four-year follow-up study of 1042 elderly people (aged 65 years or older), randomly sampled from the community, levels of dementia were assessed using a two-phase case-finding procedure (screening followed by clinical interview) among survivors. Clinical information on those not reinterviewed was provided by death certificates, hospital case notes, or postal questionnaires. The weighted four-year cumulative incidence of dementia was 3.7% (95% confidence intervals: 2.4%-5.0%), with age-specific rates of 0.9%, 2.8%, 5.2%, 9.0%, and 8.7% for the age groups 65-69, 70-74, 75-79, 80-84, and 85-89 years respectively. While consistent with data from other British regions, it remains likely that these rates underestimate true incidence.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

High-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow support as consolidation after standard-dose adjuvant therapy for high-risk primary breast cancer.

PURPOSE: We studied high-dose cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, and carmustine (CPA/cDDP/BCNU) with autologous bone marrow support (ABMS) as consolidation after standard-dose adjuvant chemotherapy treatment of primary breast cancer involving 10 or more axillary lymph nodes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred two women with stage IIA, IIB, IIIA, or IIIB breast cancer involving 10 or more lymph nodes at surgery were registered; 85 were eligible, treated, and assessable. Patients were treated with four cycles of standard-dose cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil (CAF), followed by high-dose CPA/cDDP/BCNU with ABMS. RESULTS: Actuarial event-free survival for the study patients at a median follow-up of 2.5 years is 72% (95% confidence interval, 56% to 82%). Comparison to three historical or concurrent Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) adjuvant chemotherapy trials selected for similar patients showed event-free survival at 2.5 years to be between 38% and 52%. Therapy-related mortality was 12%; pulmonary toxicity of variable severity occurred in 31% of patients. Quality-of-life evaluations indicate that patients are functioning well without major impairments. CONCLUSION: High-dose consolidation with CPA/cDDP/BCNU and ABMS after standard-dose CAF results in a decreased frequency of relapse in patients with high-risk primary breast cancer compared with historical series at the median follow-up of 2.5 years. Evaluation in a prospective, randomized trial is warranted and currently underway.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Metatarsus proximus and digital divergence. Association with intermetatarsal neuromas.

A retrospective radiologic study was performed to determine whether there is an increased finding of metatarsus proximus and digital divergence in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of intermetatarsal neuroma when compared with an asymptomatic group. The study included 48 patients with pathologic confirmation of neuroma and 100 asymptomatic patients. Results of the study revealed no statistical relationship between the radiologic findings of metatarsus proximus and digital divergence and the physical occurrence of neuromas. An unexpected finding was an increased intermetatarsal angle of the affected interspace in the neuroma group.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Effect of topically applied demecarium bromide and echothiophate iodide on intraocular pressure and pupil size in beagles with normotensive eyes and beagles with inherited glaucoma.

Topically applied demecarium bromide (0.125 and 0.25%) and echothiophate iodide (0.125 and 0.25%) solutions were evaluated in Beagles with normotensive eyes and Beagles with inherited glaucoma. In single-dose studies, the effects of intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil size (PS) were measured in eyes before drug treatment and in drug- and nondrug-treated eyes. Both concentrations of the 2 drugs induced long-term miosis and decrease in IOP in normotensive eyes of Beagles and of eyes of Beagles with inherited glaucoma. Demecarium bromide (0.125 and 0.5%) decreased IOP for 49 and 55 hours, respectively. Echothiophate iodide (0.125 and 0.5%) reduced IOP for 25 and 53 hours, respectively. The miosis associated with both concentrations of the 2 drugs generally paralleled the decreases in IOP.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1993

Bone morphology after bone marrow transplantation for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The osteogenic consequences of bone marrow ablation followed by bone marrow transplantation for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were examined. Pre- and post-transplantation iliac crest bone biopsies were reviewed for all patients undergoing transplantation at the Johns Hopkins Oncology Center between January 1981 and December 1989. Histomorphometric measurements included percentage of filled trabecular lacunae to estimate osteocyte viability, marrow cellularity and marrow fibrosis. A total of 37 non-Hodgkin's and 32 Hodgkin's patients had adequate biopsies for study inclusion. Twenty-seven received chemotherapy alone, while the remaining 42 had lethal total body irradiation plus chemotherapy. Twelve transplants were allogeneic. Estimated osteocyte viability was decreased for over 4 weeks after bone marrow transplantation. Continuing osteocyte dropout in the central regions of trabeculae was seen in conjunction with active new osteocyte formation along the periphery. Marrow fibrosis was significantly increased and marrow cellularity decreased. There were no major distinctions based on lymphoma type, pretransplant treatment regimen or type of bone marrow transplant. The results indicate that disruption of marrow hematopoiesis causes a diminution in osteocyte viability. Although there is an early appearance of new osteogenesis, the source of progenitor cells cannot be determined from this study.

Adolescent↗