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Biomedical subjects

R Jolly

Publications and source records attributed to R Jolly.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Beyond adjustment.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1990

Breastfeeding and health care services.

Breastfeeding can help prevent the 38,000 daily deaths of infants and young children through its nutritional, immunologic, and sanitary aspects. Nevertheless, it is on the decline in most countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) have combined to issue guidelines on the role of maternity services in promoting breastfeeding, such as, a hospital breastfeeding policy with rooming-in, demand-feeding, and the elimination of bottles and breast milk substitutes. These practices have succeeded in programs around the world and have increased the breastfeeding rate at the same time that infection rates decreased.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1988

Quantitative autofluorescence in the ovine and canine ocular fundus in ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Batten's disease).

Yellow-green autofluorescence was quantified in the fundi of sheep and dogs with ceroid-lipofuscinosis, using a modified photographic slit-lamp microscope with motorized scanning probe, a photomultiplier system and a digital radiometer. In age-matched controls, no fluorescence was detected. The technique should prove useful as a clinical aid in the early differential diagnosis of this disease and in the basic study of aging.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

The straw men of primary health care.

The following paper discusses the progress made in providing primary health care (PHC) to the developing world in the 10 years following the joint WHO/UNICEF International Conference on Primary Health Care held at Alma Ata, U.S.S.R., in 1978. UNICEF is now 12 years from the goal to provide Health for All by the Year 2000. In this context, the authors describe UNICEF's 'country programming approach' to PHC as part of the child survival and development revolution (CSDR), articulated by the agency in 1982. A polarization between the two concepts of 'selective' and 'comprehensive' PHC is examined in the light of quotations from the original conference document which set forth strategies and priorities. The authors, a consultant and a staff member of UNICEF, respond to criticism of the agency in this regard by drawing directly on UNICEF's own work in the field and its record of success, even at a time when developing countries are battling severe economic constraints and health budgets are being slashed--a contingency not foreseen at Alma Ata. WHO evaluations of both the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) and oral rehydration therapy (ORT) show that accelerated programs develop best when underpinned by a good health infrastructure. The challenge is to develop priority programs in such a way as to build on or strengthen this infrastructure. Flexibility is the key in adapting national priorities to local programs. The point is made that international agencies should be careful to limit themselves to advocacy and support.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1976

R.b.e. and o.e.r. of extended-Bragg-peak helium ions: survival and development of rat embryos.

Rats were exposed under aerobic or hypoxic conditions to 200-1200 rads of 60Co gamma-rays or extended-Bragg-peak helium ions on the eighth day of gestation. Uterine contents were examined on the twentieth day of gestation. At the 50 per cent embryonic survival level, helium ion r.b.e. was 1(.0) (aerobic) and 1(.2) (hypoxic). Maximum attainable gamma-ray and helium-ion o.e.r.s. were 2(.2) and 1(.7) respectively, indicating an oxygen-effect gain (o.e.g.) of 1(.2). At the 10 per cent survival level helium ion r.b.e. was 1(.1) (aerobic) and 1(.4) (hypoxic). Gamma-ray and helium-ion 0.e.r.s. were 2(.0) and 1(.5) respectively, indicating a helium ion o.e.g. of 1(.3). These data demonstrate that the small fraction of high-LET radiation present in this helium ion beam has a neglible effect on the aerobic r.b.e., but lowers the effective o.e.r. of the beam approximately 25 per cent relative to that of gamma-rays. Helium ions were significantly more effective than gamma-rays in killing embryos under hypoxic conditions, in producing congenital abnormalities under aerobic conditions, and in stunting foetal growth under both conditions.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

X-ray microprobe analysis of the retina and RPE in sheep with ovine ceroid-lipofuscinosis.

Ovine ceroid-lipofuscinosis (OCL) is one animal model for the human condition, and because autofluorescent lipopigments are prominent in the brain and eye, it may also prove useful as a model for aging. For example, a progressive decline in electrical recording from brain and retina are observed in both aging and OCL. Samples of retinal and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tissues were obtained from a young control. 2 animals with OCL and a normal aged sheep. Specimens were cryo-fractured and examined by scanning electron microscopy/x-ray microanalysis. Measurements made of 6 individual cells in the ganglion layer of OCL specimens, the remainder of the retina, and RPE showed age-related changes in zinc, iron, and copper which were associated with lipopigment accumulation in the RPE. There was marked decrease in phosphate, sulfur, and manganese levels, as photoreceptor cells and their outer segments are lost in the disease process. This is the first report of metal analysis in the retina and RPE in a disease entity, and as a function of normal aging.

Aging↗