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Biomedical subjects

R Johansson

Publications and source records attributed to R Johansson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics of toloxatone in man following intravenous and oral administrations.

Pharmacokinetics of the antidepressant drug toloxatone were investigated in man following intravenous and oral administration. Five healthy adult volunteers received a single 1 mg/kg dose given as a gelatin capsule (p.o.) and an i.v. infusion. After p.o. administration toloxatone was rapidly absorbed, peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) ranging from 0.384 to 0.640 mg/l occurred between 0.53 and 1.00 h. Plasma curves were fitted according to a one-compartment open model. After absorption, toloxatone was cleared from plasma with a half-life (t 1/2 beta) of 0.96-1.81 h. Following i.v. administration Cmax values from 0.623 to 0.840 mg/l were reached at the end of the 0.5-h infusion. As observed for the capsule form, the elimination of the drug from the plasma was monophasic with t 1/2 beta of 0.88-2.46 h. Plasma clearance of toloxatone was high (0.462 to 0.860 l/h . kg) and the apparent volume of distribution ranged between 1.09 and 1.64 l/kg. Protein binding to plasma proteins is near 50% and appears almost exclusively due to albumin. Free fatty acids do not modify substantially the degree of binding which is constant over the range of concentrations from 0.05 to 100 mg/l. The availability of the gelatin capsule was 50-62% of the i.v. infusion. Since toloxatone is extensively eliminated in urine as metabolites, the reduced availability of the drug appears to be related mainly to first pass metabolism.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Late (4-8 years) outcome of treatment with megadoses of fluphenazine enanthate in drug-refractory schizophrenics.

Fourteen schizophrenics who did not respond to standard doses of neuroleptics have been treated with megadoses of fluphenazine enanthate during a period of 4-8 years. Repeated attempts have been made to reduce the dose to the standard dosage. Some of the patients have gradually been transferred to maintenance treatment with standard doses, with megadoses given only during psychotic relapse. The megadose treatment has led to substantial reduction in social disablement, enabling the patients, for instance, to leave the hospital or live in an open ward. These patients have been evaluated with rating scales for psychopathology and side effects, and subjected to EEG, ECG, chest X-ray, and examinations for skin and eye changes and local infiltrations. Laboratory tests, including anti-DNA examination, have also been performed. These patients, treated with high total doses of different oral neuroleptics and fluphenazine depot, showed some EEG and ECG abnormalities, eye changes, slight leucopenia, a low number of staff nuclei neutrophils and infiltrations at the injection site, but these reactions did not result in any practical handicaps. The rating scales showed dyskinetic movements, usually slight, in six out of the 14 patients studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Screening of endometrial carcinoma by lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme analysis of uterine fluid.

Determination of total activity for lactate dehydrogenase (LD) as well as electrophoretic separation and quantitative determination of the individual LD-isoenzymes was performed in 431 samples of uterine fluid obtained by the Gravlee Jet Wash technique or a described simple device for endouterine aspiration. The isoenzyme pattern for each menstrual phase was characteristic. The study population included 18 patients with endouterine neoplasia. All these malignancies were characterized by increased total LD-activity and/or abnormal distribution of the individual LD-isoenzymes compared to proliferative phase and would consequently have been discriminated at postmenstrual or postmenopausal examination. The LD-enzyme technique proved to be more accurate than cytology with approximately the same number of false positives.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Screening of endometrial carcinoma by jet wash and endouterine aspiration cytology.

The results obtained from the use of a new instrument designed to simplify endometrial aspiration were compared to those obtained by Gravlee Jet Wash. The observed difference in accuracy in the diagnosis of endometrial neoplasia between Jet Wash (95 per cent) and endouterine aspiration (91 per cent) is discussed. It is concluded that endometrial cytology by either method is a valuable complement to the Panpanicolaou smear in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. The new endouterine aspiration instrument is recommended because of its greater simplicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Plasma fluphenazine and prolactin levels in schizophrenic patients during treatment with low and high doses of fluphenazine enanthate.

The relationship between plasma prolactin (PRL) and drug levels in patients receiving neuroleptic drugs is of special interest in view of evidence that the PRL elevation induced by these drugs reaches its maximum at sub-therapeutic doses. Plasma PRL and fluphenazine (FPZ) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in each of 11 chronic schizophrenics (nine men, two women) during two 4-week periods of treatment with FPZ enanthate at a "High Dose' (250 mg per week) and a "Low Dose' (12.5 mg per week) given in random order. Plasma PRL levels were above normal in 9 of 11 subjects during the last week of Low Dosage. High Dosage resulted in PRL levels significantly greater than found during Low Dose treatment in 9 of 11 patients. Thus the PRL response had not reached its "ceiling" during Low Dosage in most patients. A significant correlation between PRL and FPZ levels was found in seven subjects; evidence that immunoreactive FPZ levels relate to an effect caused by blockade of dopamine receptors. The plasma FPZ pattern between injections during week 1 of Low Dosage was remarkably stable; High Doses produced an initial drug peak at 1--2 h and a secondary peak occurring on days 2--3 followed by a return to preinjection levels by day 7.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Two new contrast media in peripheral arteriography: a double blind study in patients with arterial insufficiency in the legs.

Two new contrast media, Amipaque (metrizamide, Nyegaard & Co A/S, Oslo) and Hexabrix (ioxaglic acid, Laboratoire Guerbet, Paris) were compared in a double blind study in patients with arterial insufficiency in the legs. The incidence of subjective adverse effects (pain and sensation of heat) was low and similar with both contrast agents. Also the effects on heart rate and blood pressure were small and transient and similar with both contrast agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Reduced glucose incorporation to triglycerides following chronic exposure of human fat cells to growth hormone.

Using the tissue culture technique we have recently demonstrated that long-term exposure of human adipose tissue to human growth hormone (GH) in vitro leads to an impairment in glucose incorporation into triglycerides. This effect was further studied in the present investigation. Biopsies of human adipose tissue which had been cultured for one week with or without GH were studied in subsequent short-term incubations where the conversion of glucose to CO2 and to total lipids was determined. The formation of CO2 was not changed by previous exposure of the biopsies to GH whereas the incorporation of glucose into triglycerides was reduced by about one third. Total glucose metabolism, as determined from the sum of the two pathways, was significantly reduced. The activities of three glycolytic enzymes were determined in biopsies of human adipose tissue which had been cultured with or without GH for one week. The activity of phosphofructokinase was reduced, while the hexokinase and the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities were unchanged. The diminished activity of phosphofructokinase, the enzyme considered to be rate-limiting for glycolysis in human fat cells, may be responsible for the decreased rate of glucose metabolism found.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1979

Haemodynamic effects of treatment and withdrawal of spironolactone in essential hypertension.

The effect of spironolactone (50 mg b.i.d.) in essential hypertension was studied by measurement of effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), blood urea nitrogen (Ur+), serum creatinine (Cr), cardiac index (CI), plasma volume (PV), body weight (BW), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), total peripheral resistance index (TPRI), plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA) in two groups of patients. Ten cases had determinations before, after 5 weeks and 4 months of treatment; fourteen cases who had been treated at an average of 18 months, had measurements while on treatment and 5 weeks after cessation of the drug. Among the ten patients ERPF fell in six and increased in four patients during treatment, but was statistically unchanged in the total group. Ur + and Cr were also unchanged by treatment. ERPF was unchanged after withdrawal of the drug. During treatment BW decreased 3.5%, PV decreased in nine and increased in one patient, while PRA and PA increased 426% and 202%, respectively. After cessation of the aldosterone blockade, BW increased 1.9%, PV 10.5% while PRA and PA fell 60% and 48.9%, respectively. MAP fell in eight out of ten patients during treatment. This fall was associated with a fall in CI or TPRI, or both. After withdrawal of the drug, MAP increased in nine and decreased in five of the patients. The data shows that this dosage of spironolactone gave minor adjustments of the systemic and renal circulation in spite of the consistent changes in BW, PV, PRA and PA.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

High doses of fluphenazine enanthate in schizophrenia. A controlled study.

The results from this controlled study of 12 schizophrenics refractory to ordinary doses of neuroleptics indicate that treatment with fluphenazine enanthate in higher doses than normal (10--20 times higher) might give reduction in psychopathology beyond what can be obtained with normal doses. In four patients the symptom reduction on high doses was pronounced. Moreover, we found that the high fluphenazine plasma levels demonstrated did not increase extrapyramidal and general side effects. The results presented also speak in favour of certain "non-responding" patients needing a higher plasma level of a neuroleptic drug than the average patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The demethylation of imipramine and clomipramine as apparent from their plasma kinetics.

The demetylation of imipramine and clomipramine was studied after administration by different routes of single doses of clomipramine hydrochloride and multiple doses of clomipramine as well as imipramine hydrochloride. Five healthy volunteers received 1 mg of clomipramine hydrochloride/kg body weight as single oral and intramuscular doses on different occasions for the purpose of studying the plasma levels of clomipramine and the desmethylclomipramine formed. Desmethylclomipramine was found in the plasma in four of the subjects after oral intake but only in one subject after intramuscular injection. The peak levels of clomipramine were considerably higher after intramuscular than after oral administration. The half-lives of clomipramine after oral administration ranged from 11.6-35.8 h (M = 20.8 +/- 4.0) and after intramuscular administration from 20.1--39.6 h (M = 24.7 +/- 3.7). Twenty subjects received either imipramine or clomipramine both orally and intramuscularly during a period of 3 weeks in a crossover design. The plasma levels of imipramine and clomipramine and their demethylated metabolites desipramine and desmethylclomipramine were determined during the treatment. The ratio between the plasma level of the parent drug and its demethylated metabolite was on average twice as high during intramuscular as during oral treatment.

Administration, Oral↗