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Biomedical subjects

R Jean

Publications and source records attributed to R Jean.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Continuous predetermined insulin infusion in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (author's transl)].

At the present, prognosis of insulin-dependent diabetes depends on it's degenerative complications. Many studies have confirmed that the incidence of severe degenerative complications of early onset parallels the degree of metabolic unbalance. Unfortunately, in many diabetic patients satisfactory metabolic control is difficult to ensure because of the irregular absorption of insulin injected discontinuously in subcutaneous tissues. This is true even under strict diet conditions. Continuous insulin infusion at a predetermined dosage was therefore suggested. Data on basic requirements is provided by an artificial pancreas. Satisfactory results have already been reported with intravenous and subcutaneous routes. Intramuscular and intraperitoneal routes are at present under trial. The use of portable pumps facilitates these techniques. The insulin dosage must be correctly determined and adjusted to the patient's diet and activity. In brittle diabetes, these methods can provide, at least temporarily, a satisfactory metabolic balance, and useful data for adjusting further therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Androgen receptors in cultured human skin fibroblasts.

Human skin may be considered as a target organ for androgens, since events characteristic of androgen action have been described in this tissue, as well as in cultured human skin fibroblasts. The culture of human skin fibroblasts gives the opportunity to work on living cells, under controlled conditions, in a renewable material from a single skin biopsy. Using this method, we showed the presence od DHT-receptors in the human fetus and we studied the ontogenesis of androgen receptors in relation to sexual differentiation. In the neonatal period, the physiological T rise was not concurrent with a variation in sex skin androgen receptors. The evolution of DHT binding during puberty is now under investigation. These data suggest that the androgen receptor is not modulated by plasma androgens. Androgen receptor determination is of value in defining the biochemical defects involved in partial and complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (twenty-six cases in our study). In idiopathic hirsutism, DHT binding is used to detect an eventual local hypersensitivity. Fibroblast cultures have also been shown to be an excellent model for the screening of compounds which might block the expression of androgen action by competing for the androgen receptors. Cultured skin fibroblasts are a valuable model for the study of androgen and antiandrogen action in human skin.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1982

Effects of pulmonary function of whole lung irradiation for Wilm's tumour in children.

The effect of whole lung irradiation on lung function was investigated in 48 children treated for Wilm's tumour with pulmonary metastases. Lung function tests were performed before irradiation and were repeated annually for as long as possible, the length of follow-up varying from two to 17 years. A reduction in both lung volume and in dynamic compliance was clearly observed. In some patients these changes occurred in the early post-irradiation months, but in most the decrease observed progressed over longer periods of time. Static pressure volume curves, blood-gases, and carbon monoxide transfer were normal. These findings make it unlikely that post-irradiation pulmonary fibrosis was involved. Another explanation for the decreased lung volume and dynamic compliance might be failure of alveolar multiplication. Muscular injury is unlikely as the patients were able to produce normal transthoracic pressures. A failure of chest wall growth is also possible and would explain the progressive restrictive impairment but not the early lung function changes. It is suggested that the early effects detected in some patients were the result of lung injury and that later effects resulted from impaired chest wall growth.

Child↗
PubMed1982

[Unilateral small lung with translucent cystic appearance. Congenital or acquired origin? 2 case reports].

The distinction between congenital or acquired lung disease is often a difficult problem. This is illustrated by case reports on two boys aged 10 and 12. The clinical, pulmonary function and radiological details were very similar in the two cases, suggesting pulmonary hypoplasia. However, the histology seen in the second case, a type of bronchiolitis obliterans and follicular bronchiectasis were among several arguments in favour of acquired pulmonary disease of infective origin. The recorded literature as well as this observation show that certain respiratory viral infections may lead to bronchial and above all bronchiolar damage which can be severe and progressive.

Bronchiectasis↗
PubMed1981

Hypertension and segmental renal hypoplasia causing a syndrome of haemolysis and uraemia.

An 11-year-old girl presented with acute renal failure and severe hypertension. The blood film showed thrombocytopenia, numerous fragmented red blood cells, and a reticulocyte count of 10%. An intravenous pyelogram showed a small contracted left kidney, and plasma renin activity was increased in the left renal vein. Treatment with minoxidil and propranolol controlled the hypertension. After nephrectomy the hypertension resolved. Light microscopical examination of the left kidney showed a segmental renal hypoplasia. Malignant arterial hypertension can provoke a syndrome of haemolysis and uraemia in children. Aggressive lowering of blood pressure leads to an improvement in renal function.

Child↗
PubMed1981

[Respiratory sequelae of severe measles (author's transl)].

Six healthy children, 5 boys and 1 girl aged from 13 months to 4 years had a severe measles bronchopneumonia. The end result is established chronic airflow obstruction. On a background of fairly severe respiratory failure there were paroxysms of breathlessness with fever, wheezes and cyanosis which were little affected by bronchodilators or steroids. The anatomical basis of this syndrome is before all else a bronchiolar obstruction, shown at autopsy in a child dying after four months of the illness. But also there is a disorder of the large bronchi with bronchiectasis and problems with ventilation centrally and/or peripherally. The major radiological signs are airways distension which is always clearly in keeping with emphysema and a thickening of the peri-bronchial walls which are clearly visible on tomography. Thus it appears that measles, as with other respiratory viruses, can lead to permanent sequelae in very young children. It is however possible that the respiratory sequelae may be due to associated viral infections, with adenovirus in particular. On the practical level, the occurrence of an early and severe measles pneumonia in a young child and its persistence with a hypoxia and a lowering of dynamic compliance requires a prolonged follow up and a guarded prognosis. Unfortunately the treatment of this type of chronic airflow obstruction is only symptomatic.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1980

[Bronchospasms induced by acetylcholin and free running exercise. A comparison in 50 asthmatic children (author's transl)].

Fifty asthmatic children were tested for cholinergic bronchial sensitivity and subjected to a free running exercise test; 92% of them showed hypersensitivity to acetylcholine challenge, and exercise-induced bronchospasm occurred in 80%. On pooling the results, 98% had a positive response to at least one of the tests. Qualitatively, there was a correlation between exercise-induced bronchospasm and bronchial sensitivity to acetylcholin in 38 of the 50 children. Quantitatively, however, no correlation could be found between the severity of the exercise-induced bronchospasm and the threshold dose of acetylcholin. This could be explained by the fact that the non-immunological spasmogenic mechanisms involved in the two tests are different.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1980

[Not Available].

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France↗