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R Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to R Jackson.

533 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
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Medicine in the mail.

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Contract Services↗
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Recognition of chronic carbon monoxide poisoning.

Chronic exposure to low levels of carbon monoxide can cause vague symptoms that are easily mistaken for other common illnesses. During the past 5 years, three families have contacted the Wisconsin Division of Public Health to report illnesses that may have been caused by chronic exposure to carbon monoxide. Members of these families were diagnosed with a variety of conditions including chronic fatigue syndrome, depression and influenza. Carbon monoxide exposure was not suspected as a cause of these illnesses until heating contractors discovered that gas appliances in these families' homes were not properly vented. These cases serve as reminders that carbon monoxide exposure should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients who present with chronic symptoms of headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea and mental confusion--especially when these symptoms onset during the winter heating season.

Adolescent↗
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The effect of oxytocin on the plasma glucagon response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in man.

The presence of the classical neurohypophyseal hormone oxytocin has recently been described in the human pancreas in considerably higher concentrations than those found in peripheral plasma. Evidence in animals and man suggests that oxytocin can directly stimulate the secretion of glucagon from pancreatic islets. In order to investigate a possible paracrine role for oxytocin in the regulation of glucagon secretion we have studied the effect of oxytocin on the plasma glucagon response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in 10 lean fasted male subjects. Intravenous insulin tests were performed in random order with or without oxytocin infusion (2 U bolus injection; 111 mU/min for 2 hours). Blood sugar nadir occurred at the onset of symptoms (time S) with no significant differences between oxytocin and saline infusions (saline S = 24 +/- 2.3 min; oxytocin S = 23.3 +/- 2.7 min). There was no significant change in peripheral plasma oxytocin concentrations during saline infusion. During the oxytocin infusion plasma oxytocin concentrations rose from 1.05 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- SEM) pmol/l to a peak of 632 +/- 179 pmol/l and remained elevated throughout the study. Peak plasma glucagon concentrations occurred at S + 10 mins with no significant differences in peak values (saline 200 +/- 26.3 pg/ml; oxytocin 207 +/- 23.6 pg/ml) between saline and oxytocin infusions. The data suggest that oxytocin at concentrations up to 6.3 X 10(-10) M has no effect on the decline or recovery of blood glucose concentrations or on the plasma glucagon response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia.

Adult↗
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Dual-parameter model for prediction of type I diabetes mellitus.

The recent cloning and recombinant expression of novel islet autoantigens [glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65 and islet-cell autoantibody 512 (ICA512)] has made possible the determination of whether the quantitative expression of autoantibodies to these molecules is correlated with age of diabetes onset and rate of progression to diabetes, similar to insulin autoantibodies (IAAs). We measured autoantibodies reacting with GAD65 (GAD65AA), ICA512 (ICA512AA), and insulin in patients who recently had received a diagnosis of diabetes and in first-degree relatives prospectively identified and then followed because of the expression of high titers of ICA. Levels of IAAs (but not GAD65AA or ICA512AA) correlated inversely with age at diagnosis of diabetes and directly with time to diabetes onset among the ICA-positive relatives. In multiple linear regression models, the level of IAAs remained a significant predictor of the time to diabetes after allowing for first-phase insulin secretion. The unique and dramatic association of IAAs with progression to diabetes suggests that IAAs contribute directly to disease pathogenesis or that levels of IAAs are influenced uniquely by the process, leading--at different rates in different prediabetic individuals--to type I diabetes. In addition, the linear regression model described (involving two variables, first-phase insulin secretion and levels of IAAs) aids in the prediction of time to diabetes among ICA-positive relatives.

Adolescent↗