Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Jackson.
An improved facility for the treatment of footrot is described. It consists of a continuous flow system designed for the inspection and treatment of large numbers of stock. It is considered that such a system is an essential prerequisite before embarking on a treatment programme.
A method for the control of ovine footrot is described which utilises the most appropriate measures to suit the circumstances for individual properties. This approach was used to eradicate the disease from three Central Otago fine-wool properties wintering in excess of 35,000 sheep on widely differing classes of land. This programme incorporates the use of proven.techniques and suitable planning together with input from the rural veterinarian, who plays an important role in demonstration and advising on control measures.
Previous investigations have drawn conflicting conclusions concerning the association between childhood leukemia and maternal age, birth order, socioeconomic status, and paternal occupation. In this study, 255 childhood leukemia cases diagnosed in California between 1975 and 1980 were individually matched with two living controls on the basis of sex, date of birth, and county of birth. Data were derived from subjects' birth certificates. Socioeconomic status and paternal benzene exposure were determined from the paternal occupation stated on the birth certificate. Hispanics and males were overrepresented in the case group. Cases were also less likely to be of birth order one. No difference was found between case and control groups for maternal age or paternal occupation. Analyses with stratification on age, sex, and leukemia cell type are reported.
To examine the reasons for the recent decline in coronary heart disease death rates in New Zealand, a register of definite myocardial infarction and sudden death was established in the Auckland region (1981 population 829,464). Both routine and nonroutine case finding sources were used and event rates for the 12 months from March 1, 1981, were compared with estimates from an earlier study conducted in 1974. In 1981, 1,093 myocardial infarction and/or sudden death events in people 25-69 years of age were registered. The age standardized event rates for the total of myocardial infarction and sudden death were 506/100,000 and 139/100,000 for men and women, respectively. Over the seven-year period from 1974 there was no change in the event rate or 28-day case fatality of definite myocardial infarction, but a significant decline in the rate of sudden death occurred from 139/100,000 to 117/100,000. The decline in the sudden death rate was particularly marked in people under the age of 50 years and in subjects with a prior history of myocardial infarction.
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Four patients who had extensive melanosis of the peri-urethral area, vulvar mucosae, introitus, and perineum are presented. No cause was found.
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Although there are scattered reports in the literature, little is known of the difficulties in reconciling the clinical and histologic findings in patients with malignant melanoma in whom more skin lesions develop in different areas after removal of the primary lesion. In some cases, what appears to be metastatic disease is, in reality, primary. In 33 biopsies from five patients with clinically metastatic disease, histologic examination showed metastatic disease in 12 specimens, new primary malignant lesions in 17 and atypical nevi in 4. The purpose of this paper is to define and discuss the difficulties in differentiating metastatic lesions from new primary malignant tumours.
In two of five infants with neonatal lupus erythematosus the signs of the disease did not appear until the children had been exposed to direct sunlight. This suggests that an environmental factor may be required for the development of the disease in some patients. Three of the five patients, together with their mothers, had the HLA (histocompatibility) antigens A1 and B8, which supports the concept that individuals may be genetically susceptible to lupus erythematosus.
It has previously been shown that messenger activity for a protein of Mr = ca. 30k exists in RNA fractions extracted from particles of either native or alkali stripped U1 TMV, or from cowpea strain TMV, that are smaller than full genomic length. Analysis of sucrose gradient fractions containing this activity reveals a number of slightly smaller template activities directing synthesis of proteins between 18.5k and 29k in size. All of these messenger activities, including that for the 30k protein, respond to cap analogues in anomalous ways. Discrete RNA species that include active mRNAs for these proteins can be demonstrated in the same fractions by labelling with preparations of vaccinia capping enzyme and [alpha-32P] GTP without prior beta-elimination. Detailed analysis of three of these proteins (of Mr's ca. 30k, 29k and 23k) by peptide mapping and translation of purified vaccinia-labelled RNA demonstrates that all three are unrelated to the large early TMV proteins, but are related to each other in such a way as to form a nested set with staggered N termini and identical C termini. mRNAs of chain lengths ca. 1900 and 1500 bases direct synthesis of the 30k and 23k proteins respectively, an mRNA of about 1850 bases directs both 29k and (perhaps because of cross-contamination) 30k synthesis. Initiation codons for the 29k and 23k proteins have been mapped at positions 4960-4962 and 5191-5193 respectively on TMV RNA. Since all three encapsidated templates have similar properties we conclude that either there is a family of 30k-related proteins with unusual mRNAs, or that none of these in vitro translation products are directed by physiological templates.
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Based on a personal series of red, brown, black, and blue tumors of the skin, the various living gross pathological features are compared. In general good signs are tumors with round or oval shapes, no ulceration, of all one color and containing hair. Bad signs are notched or linear borders, ulceration, or variation in color.
The BB rat has a marked T cell lymphocytopenia, with a near absence of peripheral "helper" T cells recognized by monoclonal antibody W3/25 (W3/25+ T cells). The lymphocytes of the BB rat's spleen and thymus were examined for the presence of W3/25+ T cells, which were found to be absent in the spleen but present in normal amounts in the thymus. Concanavalin A (Con A) responsiveness was absent in the BB's peripheral blood and spleen but present in the thymus. Thus, in these three lymphoid compartments, Con A responsiveness directly correlated with the presence or absence of W3/25+ T cells. These lymphocyte abnormalities in the BB rat are notably different from lymphocyte changes present in human type I diabetes.
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To determine the effect of age on the bone mineralization of lactating mothers, 48 healthy mothers were evaluated at 2 and 16 weeks post partum. All mothers were divided into three age groups: less than or equal to 18 years, 19 to 30 years, and greater than 31 years old. At 2 and 16 weeks post partum, blood was drawn for measurement of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Bone mineral content was measured by photon absorptiometry. Dietary history was also recorded. At both 2 and 16 weeks, there were no differences in the serum values or bone mineral content among the three age groups. However, there was a decrease in the bone mineral content between the 2 and 16 weeks' values in the less than or equal to 18 years age group, 1.049 +/- 0.088 versus 0.895 +/- 0.051 gm/cm (p less than 0.05). Dietary intakes were similar among the three groups, but only one of seven mothers less than or equal to 18 years of age met the recommended dietary allowance for calcium or phosphorus, as compared to six of seven older mothers who met the recommended dietary allowance for calcium or phosphorus (p less than 0.01). We conclude that young lactating mothers less than or equal to 18 years old at risk for bone demineralization because of low dietary intakes of calcium or phosphorus.