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Biomedical subjects

R Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to R Jackson.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Serum lipids, body mass, and exercise levels in Auckland, 1982.

The level of coronary heart disease risk factors was examined in a random sample of 1598 people aged 35 to 64 years in Auckland during 1982. Data on serum total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, height, weight, body mass index and exercise patterns, are reported. The mean serum cholesterol was 5.71 mmol/l in men and 5.81 mmol/l in women with 22% and 24% of men and women respectively having a serum cholesterol of 6.5 mmol/l or more. Total cholesterol levels were lower than in previous New Zealand studies at all ages and in both sexes. Approximately 54% of men and 48% of women in the sample were overweight or obese and only 37% of men and 30% of women reported taking regular exercise each week. These data indicate that there is considerable potential for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease in New Zealand.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cardiovascular mortality in New Zealand and Australia 1968-1983: how can the diverging trends be explained?

Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for almost 50% of all deaths in New Zealand and Australia. In 1968 death rates were higher in Australia than in New Zealand for all causes of death, all cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Over the period 1968-1983 death rates declined in both countries but at a significantly greater rate in Australia. By 1983 death rates for all categories were higher in New Zealand than Australia. The decline in cardiovascular disease accounted for approximately 90% and 70% of the decline in all causes of death in New Zealand and Australia respectively. Life expectancy has increased more rapidly for Australian middle aged men and women. From the limited cardiovascular morbidity and risk factor data available, it is not possible to identify the reasons for the differential rates of improvements in the two countries. Both nations require comprehensive and complementary studies which monitor changes in health practices such as diet, smoking and exercise, as well as surveys that allow differences in the patterns of medical and surgical practices to be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of chronic renal denervation in conscious restrained rats.

Sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphate (Pi) and water excretion were measured in nondiuretic (ND) and extracellular fluid (ECF) volume expanded (VE) conscious restrained rats four weeks after denervation or sham-denervation of the left kidney. On the day of the study the animals were lightly anaesthetized with ether and the femoral vessels on one side were catheterized. Urine was collected from both kidneys. The animals were allowed to recover for 3 hours and studied in a restraining chamber. In ND animals isotonic saline containing inulin and para-amino-hippuric acid (PAH) were given at a rate of 0.067 +/- 0.002 (SE) ml/min/kg body weight (BW). In VE animals the infusion rate was 0.24 +/- 0.04 ml/min/kg BW. Kidney catecholamine content was measured after the experiments. Clearances of PAH and of inulin (GFR) were the same in both kidneys. Urine volume (V), sodium excretion (UNa V/GFR), inorganic phosphate excretion (UPi V/GFR) and calcium excretion (UCa V/GFR) were significantly higher in the denervated kidneys. Values in sham denervated kidneys were not greater than those of the right kidney. Denervation was proven by demonstrating absent or very low catecholamine content in the kidneys. The results demonstrate that: chronic renal denervation in rats leads to diuresis and natriuresis even in the conscious state, thus confirming previous results from our laboratory; such changes occur independently of the state of the ECF volume and of renal haemodynamic changes; the increased excretion of Ca++ and Pi after denervation demonstrates that renal nerves affect the reabsorption of these ions either independently or by way of their effect on sodium reabsorption. These data allow us to suggest that a renal tubular dysfunction, which was proved in anaesthetized denervated animals, can also be observed in the conscious state.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Aggressive squamous cell carcinoma arising in familial acne conglobata.

Familial acne conglobata is more widespread and severe than "ordinary" acne conglobata and involves unusual areas such as the antecubital fossae and ankles. Of six members in one family with familial acne conglobata, two developed large and aggressive, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas within their disease. One had destruction of a large part of the right cranial vault; the other had most of his second cervical vertebra destroyed by metastatic squamous cell carcinoma. Isotretinoin controlled the granulomatous acneiform lesions but had no effect on the cancers.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1986

Prediction of progressive joint damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving gold or D-penicillamine therapy.

Seventy two patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were randomly allocated to receive gold or D-penicillamine therapy (DPA) in a prospective study designed to evaluate whether it is possible to predict which patients will show radiological progression despite therapy. Forty five patients completed 12 months' treatment. There were no significant demographic or clinical differences between them and the 27 drop outs. Twenty of the 45 patients showed no radiological progression between six and 12 months. These patients had less severe initial radiological damage, lower levels of serum aspartate transaminase (serum AST) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), but higher levels of serum cholesterol. Twenty five patients did show progression during the six to 12 month period. This group included all the men with nodules. Of the 43 pretreatment clinical and laboratory variables examined, however, the majority failed to predict whether or not progression would subsequently occur. This included the acute phase response and seropositivity.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1986

A case-control study of deaths from asthma.

A population based case control-study was initiated in 1981 to identify risk factors for death from asthma. Over a two year period all deaths in the Auckland population possibly due to asthma, in people less than 60 years of age, were investigated. From the 47 people who died from asthma 44 who had useful reversibility of airways obstruction (records showing greater than 20% variability of peak flow or a history indicating equivalent variability of shortness of breath) before death were selected as cases for the study. Both hospital and community based controls were used. The cases were more likely than were the community controls to have had severe disease, a hospital admission or visits to a hospital emergency department in the previous year (odds ratios 4.4, 16.0, 8.5 respectively). The asthmatic patients who died were more likely than either group of controls to have had a previous life threatening asthma attack. Poor management of the disease and poor compliance on the part of the patient increased the risk of death. In addition, use of three or more types of asthma drug within the past year was associated with an increased risk of dying that was independent of disease severity. Of interest was a similarity between asthmatic patients admitted to hospital and those who died. Nevertheless, a history of a previous life threatening attack and a recent admission to hospital identified a group at high risk.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Asthma mortality.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Risk factors for coronary heart disease: a case-control study.

Risk factors for myocardial infarction and sudden death have been examined in caucasians using data from a population-based register of coronary disease and an electoral roll sample of adult Aucklanders. The risk factors studied were past history of treatment for hypertension, cigarette smoking, body mass index, serum cholesterol and in men a history of vasectomy. A total of 625 myocardial infarction cases and 185 sudden death cases were compared with 1586 controls aged 35-64 years. In univariate and multivariate analyses in both sexes a history of treatment for hypertension and cigarette smoking were each associated with more than doubling of the risk for myocardial infarction and sudden death. Both men and women with a very high body mass index were at increased risk for myocardial infarction, and serum cholesterol was associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction in men. Approximately one half of the myocardial infarction events and over half of the sudden death events occurring in this population were attributable to hypertension and smoking.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The biological relevance of HPLC-purified vasoactive intestinal polypeptide monoiodinated at tyrosine 10 or tyrosine 22.

Three major forms of monoiodinated VIP (M125I-VIP) were isolated after chloramine-T iodination and HPLC purification. The iodinated tyrosine residue was located in each form of M125I-VIP using arginase C and trypsin digestion for obtaining defined fragments containing only one tyrosine residue. The HPLC isolated iodinated fragments thus obtained were used for HPLC comigration studies with iodinated synthetic C and N terminal VIP fragments and for amino acid analysis. The first two eluting peaks 1 and 2 are (M125I-Tyr10-VIP); peak 1 has an oxidized methionine; peak 3 is a (M125I-Tyr22-VIP) which also has an oxidized methionine. A reduced counterpart of peak 3 named peak 4 was isolated by further HPLC analysis. The ability of the different species of M125I-VIP to stimulate adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate (cAMP) production in transformed colonic cells in culture (HT-29) was compared to that of native VIP. The mean potencies of the M125I-VIP species expressed as a percentage relative to the potency of native VIP were, peak (1): 0.98; (2): 0.84; (3): 1.38; (4): 1.48, in the range of concentrations tested (2-60 pM). The M125I-Tyr22-VIP are significantly more active than native VIP (P less than 0.01). Oxidation of methionine or iodination of tyrosine 10 does not significantly modify the biological activity of VIP. We conclude that iodination of Tyr-22 located in the apolar helical COOH-terminal of VIP increases the effectiveness of VIP interaction with its receptors. Thus the tyrosyl residue and the localized hydrophobic features of VIP are critically involved in the function of this neurotransmitter.

Adenocarcinoma↗