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Biomedical subjects

R J Thompson

Publications and source records attributed to R J Thompson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Psychological adjustment of mothers of children and adolescents with sickle cell disease: the role of stress, coping methods, and family functioning.

Assessed the psychological adjustment of 78 mothers of children and adolescents (7-17 years of age) with sickle cell disease. Support was provided for a transactional stress and coping model in delineating the processes associated with maternal adjustment. In particular, poor maternal adjustment was associated with use of palliative coping methods and high levels of stress related to daily hassles. Variables of the model accounted for 55% of the variance in maternal psychological distress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Sickle cell disease pain in children and adolescents: change in pain frequency and coping strategies over time.

Examined 9-month follow-up data obtained from children and adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) and their parents participating in a longitudinal study of pain coping strategies. Of 87 subjects completing the baseline assessment of pain coping strategies, 70 (80%) of their parents completed a structured pain interview assessing their child's health care use and activity reduction during painful episodes over the follow-up period. Regression analyses controlling for age and pain frequency revealed that baseline Coping Attempts were associated with higher levels of school, household, and social activity during painful episodes. Baseline Passive Adherence was associated with more frequent health care contacts during the subsequent 9 months. Increases in Negative Thinking over time were associated with further increases in health care contacts during the follow-up period. Comparing pain coping strategies assessed at baseline to pain coping strategies measured at follow-up revealed that pain coping strategies were relatively stable over time for younger children but changed more for adolescents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

Mother-child agreement on the child assessment schedule with nonreferred children: a research note.

This study replicated with nonreferred children the finding with psychiatrically referred children that mother-child concordance was a function of symptom type. Low mother-child concordance for internalizing problems and moderate concordance for externalizing problems characteristic of psychiatric samples was found to generalize to nonreferred children. Furthermore, mother-child concordance was also found to be a function of child gender and age. The implications of these findings for screening or assessment of nonreferred children were examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Nursery neurobiologic risk score: levels of risk and relationships with nonmedical factors.

This study compares the Neurobiologic Risk Score (NBRS) with developmental outcome in 199 infants < or = 1500 g birth weight to determine levels of risk and to investigate the relative contributions of the NBRS and nonmedical factors to developmental outcome. The NBRS correlated significantly (p < .0001) with the Bayley Mental (MDI) and Psychomotor (PDI) Indexes, and neurologic examination score (NS) at 6, 15, and 24 months. Three risk groups were identified: low, NBRS < or = 4; intermediate, NBRS 5 to 7; and high, NBRS > or = 8 with an incidence of major handicaps at 24 months of 7%, 32%, and 50%, respectively. Of eight factors considered, the NBRS accounted for the greatest variance: MDI, 14 to 27%; PDI, 25 to 29%; NS, 34 to 42%. Additional increments of variance were contributed by gender (MDI, PDI, NS), maternal intelligence and race (MDI), and maternal education (PDI). The NBRS is a useful tool for identifying risk for developmental abnormalities due to neonatal medical events.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1993

Screening for behavioral and emotional problems in primary care pediatrics.

Case identification indexes based on the mother-completed Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist (MCBC) were compared with pediatrician identification of behavioral and emotional problems in 41 children seen for well-child examinations. Case identification indexes also were examined as a function of child gender and age and maternal education. The criterion was presence of DSM-III diagnoses determined through Child Assessment Schedule interviews of child or mother. The MCBC yielded better case identification indexes and improvements in both overidentification and underidentification rates. Pediatrician identification indexes were directly related to maternal education and MCBC identification indexes were inversely related to child age. The findings indicate the necessity for including child report, as well as mother report, in screening procedures that are incorporated into primary care pediatric practice.

Child↗
PubMed1992

The role of parent stress and coping and family functioning in parent and child adjustment to Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

This study found 57% of parents of 35 children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (4 to 14 years of age) to have self-reported poor psychological adjustment. The hypothesized mediational variables of parent appraisal of stress, relative use of palliative coping methods, and level of family conflict accounted for 58% of the variance in general distress, 50% in depressive symptoms, and 31% in anxiety symptoms. In terms of parent-reported child adjustment, 89% of the children were classified by parent report as having a behavior problem pattern. The internalizing profile pattern was most frequent (37%). The parent mediational variables accounted for 26% of the variance in parent-reported internalizing behavior problems and 29% in externalizing behavior problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

The role of biomedical and psychosocial processes in the intellectual and academic functioning of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.

This study found intellectual and academic functioning of 76 children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis to be normally distributed. Intellectual functioning was related inversely to age, and both intellectual and academic functioning were related directly to socioeconomic status. Medical status did not add a significant increment in the amount of variance in intellectual and academic functioning accounted for by age and socioeconomic status.

Achievement↗
PubMed1992

Behavior patterns in nonreferred children: replication of the factor structure of the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist.

This study provided normative data with regard to the behavior classification system based on the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist (MCBC) with a sample of 120 nonreferred children. The factor structure of the MCBC replicated with a high degree of congruence. Application of the MCBC behavior classification system provided information on the frequency of problem patterns and problem-free patterns by nonreferred children. Variability in MCBC factor scores and behavior patterns was examined as a function of demographic parameters of gender, race, age, and socioeconomic status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist behavioral classification system: a construct validity study with nonreferred children.

This study provides validity information about the Missouri Children's Behavior Checklist (MCBC) classifications system with nonreferred children. MCBC behavior patterns of 41 children were related to DSM-III symptomatology ascertained through a structured clinical interview, the Child Assessment Schedule, conducted with the mother. The findings indicated that considering the Undifferentiated Disturbance pattern as an indicator of poor adjustment may be unwarranted with nonreferred children.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Stress, coping, and psychological adjustment of adults with sickle cell disease.

A transactional model of psychological adjustment to chronic illness was examined with 109 African-American adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). Good psychological adjustment was associated with lower levels of perceived daily stress and stress regarding SCD illness tasks, higher efficacy expectations, less use of palliative coping methods, less use of negative thinking/passive adherence pain-coping strategies, and family functioning characterized by high levels of support and low levels of conflict and control. Overall the underlying stress and coping conceptual model accounted for 44-50% of the variance in psychological adjustment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Psychological adaptation of mothers of children with spina bifida: association with dimensions of social relationships.

Investigated the hypothesis that dimensions of social relationships such as family support, conflict, and control; marital quality/support, social support, and social coping are associated with the psychological adjustment of mothers of children with spina bifida. A representative sample of 66 mothers answered a series of questionnaires including the Family Environment Scale. Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Social Support Questionnaire (6-item form), Social Coping Questionnaire, and SCL-90-R. Results indicated that mothers with more supportive families and marriages and less conflicted and controlling families reported lower levels of psychological symptoms. Coping strategies directed at friends were related to more symptoms.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Stress, coping, and family functioning in the psychological adjustment of mothers of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis.

Assessed the role of illness parameters, demographic parameters, and hypothesized psychosocial/mediational processes in the psychological adjustment of 68 mothers of children and adolescents (7-17 years of age) with cystic fibrosis. Together the illness and demographic parameters accounted for only 13-15% of the variance in maternal adjustment. However, the hypothesized mediational processes accounted for 35-40% increment in the variance in maternal adjustment. More specifically, maternal adjustment was associated with lower levels of perceived daily stress, less use of palliative coping methods, and family functioning characterized by high levels of supportiveness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Psychological adjustment of children with cystic fibrosis: the role of child cognitive processes and maternal adjustment.

Found 60% of children 7-12 years old with cystic fibrosis to have a parent-reported behavior problem and 62% met the criteria for a DSM-III diagnosis based on a structured clinical interview with the child. Mixed internal and external behavior problem patterns and diagnoses of anxiety and oppositional disorder were most frequent. Support was provided for the hypothesized psycho-social/mediational roles of child perception of self-worth and maternal anxiety in child adjustment. Together, the variables of the transactional stress and coping model accounted for 39 and 43% of the variance in mother-reported internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and for 68% of the variance in child-reported problems.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Genes coding for proteins in central nervous system myelin.

There has been considerable interest recently in a genetic component as a causative factor in multiple sclerosis, but the identity of putative susceptibility genes is unknown. In the past decade, the primary amino acid sequences of the four proteins making up 90% of the protein content of central nervous system myelin (proteolipid protein, myelin basic protein, 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphohydrolase, and myelin-associated glycoprotein) have been determined in several species. Additionally, the structural genes coding for these proteins have been analysed and their human chromosomal localization determined. We have been analysing these genes for possible variants conferring susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Recent results have shown that cholera and pertussis toxin substrates and low molecular-weight GTP-binding proteins are also present in central nervous system myelin. This implies the presence of signal transducing systems whose purpose is currently obscure. The emerging picture of central nervous system myelin is of a complex dynamic structure composed of many more proteins than was previously thought.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Structure and chromosomal localization of the human 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase gene.

Human brain cDNA clones for the myelin associated enzyme 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) have been isolated and sequenced. The only 5' untranslated region (UTR) sequence found was that of a human CNPII mRNA, with no direct evidence for a CNPI mRNA. Human CNPase cDNAs were used to isolate genomic clones containing the human CNPase gene which is 9 kb long. Four exons were identified, separated by three introns, and the sequence of each exon and intron/exon boundary has been established. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the presence of the human CNPase gene in DNA from a panel of rodent/human somatic cell hybrids. By this means the human CNPase gene was mapped to chromosome 17. In situ hybridization of a human CNPase genomic clone to metaphase chromosomes further localized this gene to chromosomal band 17q21.

2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases↗