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Biomedical subjects

R J Thomas

Publications and source records attributed to R J Thomas.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Status report of 376 mycosis fungoides patients at 4 years: Mycosis Fungoides Cooperative Group.

The frequency and prognostic importance of various characteristics of patients registered by the Mycosis Fungoides Cooperative Group between November 1974 and December 1977 are reported. Variables which were considered include demographic and historical factors, symptoms, extent of disease, and other physical findings. A staging system which is based on the extent of skin involvement and the number of nodal sites clinically involved is described. Finally, a description of therapeutic results to date for patients randomized into Mycosis Fungoides Cooperative Group protocols is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Forecasting the peak of gastrointestinal nematode infection in lambs.

The pattern of sheep nematode infective larvae on pasture shows a marked midsummer peak arising largely from the ewe peri-parturient egg output. Records of larval pattern over a nine-year period were examined in relation to meteorological data, and a correlation was demonstrated between the time of the summer peak and cumulative rainfall. A "wet score" was allocated to 12-hourly rainfall figures, and a "critical index" of 440 units of wetness was shown to be necessary before the larval peak was reached. A "warning index" of 350 to 380 wetness units is suggested which would allow a prediction to be made of the onset of major infection in lambs.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Antibiotic irrigation and catheter-associated urinary-tract infections.

To investigate the efficacy of antibiotic irrigation in preventing catheter-associated urinarytract infection, we carried out a randomized controlled trial of a neomycin-polymyxin irrigant administered through closed urinary catheters. Eighteen of 98 (18 per cent) of the patients not given irrigation became infected, as compared with 14 of 89 (16 per cent) of those given irrigation, yielding a mean daily incidence of 5 per cent in each group. The distribution of organisms and their antibiotic sensitivities differed in the two groups, the organisms from the patients with irrigation being more resistant. Disconnections of the catheter junctions were associated with high rates of infection. The rate of disconnections of the junctions in the group given irrigation was almost twice that of the control group because of the presence of the extra junction on overall infection rate represents the result of two opposing phenomena: the increased entry of organisms and the suppression of a portion of them.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The efficacy of in-feed medication with fenbendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep, with particular reference to inhibited larvae.

Anthelmintic activity of fenbendazole in a feed formulation was tested against nematode parasites of sheep. Dose rates ranging from 1.4 mg per kg for four days to 0.4 mg per kg for 14 days removed 98 to 100 per cent of the total gastrointestinal worm burden, including large numbers of inhibited fourth stage larvae of Ostertagia circumcincta. One hundred per cent effectiveness against adult Dictyocaulus filaria was also recorded.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

The use of parenteral nutrition in the management of external gastrointestinal tract fistulae.

Malnutrition is common in patients with gastrointestinal tract fistula, and is an important cause of the high mortality seen with this surgical complication. A prospective review of three years' experience in the management of fistulae with parenteral nutrition was undertaken, and the results obtained were compared with those in a group of patients treated prior to the introduction of this form of therapy. The use of parenteral nutrition resulted in a reduction of the mortality from 63% to 23% in unselected cases. The mortality was zero where parenteral nutrition was used in patients under 65 years of age with non-malignant disease. With parenteral nutrition therapy, the fistulae in almost all cases closed spontaneously, in contrast with a high proportion requiring operation (20 in 38 cases) where parenteral nutrition was not used. It is concluded that all patients with significant gastrointestinal fistula should be given appropriate parenteral nutrition as their prime mode of therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The organization, methods, and experience of a parenteral nutrition service.

Malnutrition is an important component of prolonged illness. Parenteral nutrition can improve nutritional status, and its use is now common practice in certain disease states. In this paper the methods used by a parenteral nutrition service are described. The indications for, results from, and complications of, this form of therapy are also documented. This has been done on the basis of results obtained from a prospective survey of the use of parenteral nutrition in a major hospital over a one-year period.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

External pancreatic fistula: a recent advance in management.

The management of six consecutive recent cases of external pancreatic fistula is reported in which the use of total parenteral nutrition resulted in rapid closure of the fistula. The fistulae closed from 11 to 28 days after the commencement of total parenteral nutrition, with an average of 19 days. Surgical intervention to close the fistula was not required in any of the cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Tissue diagnosis in lymphomas.

An accurate histological diagnosis is sometimes difficult to achieve in the lymphoma patient. This problem is accentuated by incorrect choice of noded for biopsy or mishandling of tissues, either at surgery or during the fixative process. Practical guidelines are suggested to help minimize these problems.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1977

Wall analyses of lophocolea seta cells (bryophyta) before and after elongation.

Lophocolea heterophylla (Schrad.) Dum. (a leafy liverwort) produces sporophytes with seta cells that elongate 50-fold in 3 to 4 days. Wall components of these cells have been characterized by microscopic histochemistry, colorimetry, and gas chromatography of neutral sugars. Seta cell walls are qualitatively similar to primary cell walls of higher plants. The pectic fraction, however, responds differently to standard histochemical staining and extraction. Quantitatively, mannose, fucose, and rhamnose are in higher percentage, and arabinose and xylose are lower than typically found in vascular plants. Hexuronic acids increase on a percentage basis during elongation; pentoses decrease slightly, while hexose levels remain about the same. Increase in total wall carbohydrate after 2,400% elongation of setae was 1.8-fold.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

The epidemiology of Dictyocaulus filaria in north east England.

The seasonal pattern of Dictyocaulus filaria infection in four flocks of sheep under field conditions was studied by faecal examination for larvae. The prevalence of infection in lambs was low in spring and summer but increased in late autumn or winter, then fell again to a low level by May. However, most lambs became infected at some time during their first year of life. In ewes the prevalence of infection was generally low, but rose during winter and spring. Seasonal pattern and intensity of infection were influenced by weather conditions and the persistence of infection from the previous year, moist summer conditions giving rise to a higher level of infection in autumn and winter than a dry summer. The source of infection may be the ewes or yearlings, or infective larvae surviving over the winter on pasture. Autoinfection occurred, some lambs becoming infected with at least three generations of the parasite, but at the levels of infection recorded clinical disease was rare.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Epidemiological studies on gastro-intestinal nematode parasites of sheep: the seasonal number of generations and succession of species.

Monthly post mortem worm counts were carried out from June to September on grazing lambs, in association with faecal egg counts and pasture larval counts. Similar patterns were recorded by all three methods, and egg counts proved to be a reliable reflection of worm burden over this period. A succession of species was recorded, in particular Ostertagia spp and Nematodirus spp in June; Haemonchus contortus in July; Trichostrogylus virinus in August; T axei, T colubriformis and Cooperia curticei in September. A new explanation for this succession is given, based on the overwintering capabilities and freeliving development time of individual species.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Psoriasis: case rate--HL-A antigen frequency correlations.

HL-A antigen B17, associated with a high familial frequency of psoriasis, is significantly correlated (r=0.8242) with psoriasis case rates in several countries but HL-A antigen B13 alone, associated with 'early age onset' cases of psoriasis, is not significantly correlated (r=0.4299) with case rate. A sum of the B13 and B17 antigen frequencies, since either antigen has been associated to psoriasis, is correlated with case rate in the populations surveyed (r=0.7405) and is statistically significant.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Retrograde gastric mucosal prolapse as a cause of haematemesis.

Three cases of haematemesis associated with alcohol abuse are described. Early fibreoptic endoscopical examination in each showed a focal, well demarcated area of gastric mucosal haemorrhage, close to the oesophagogastric junction. Two patients showed prolapse of the lesion into the lower part of the oesophagus, and the third had coexistent Mallory-Weiss tears. Our observations suggest that forceful vomiting is responsible for this lesion, by causing abrupt retrograde gastrooesophageal prolapse. The prognosis of the lesion appears good.

Adult↗