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Biomedical subjects

R J Perrotta

Publications and source records attributed to R J Perrotta.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Penetration of ceftibuten into middle ear fluid.

The penetration of ceftibuten, an extended-spectrum oral cephalosporin, into middle ear fluid (MEF) was evaluated in pediatric patients during a course of daily oral doses of 9 mg/kg of body weight for 10 days. Plasma and MEF collected at 2, 4, 6, or 12 h after at least 3 days of dosing were analyzed for ceftibuten by a high-pressure liquid chromatography method, and the data were used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters. Plasma and MEF had almost identical maximum concentrations (Cmax) of ceftibuten (14 micrograms/ml). These Cmax values in MEF during acute otitis media were well in excess of the MIC for 90% of the isolates of each of four major pathogens in this disease. The time to Cmax was longer in MEF (4 h) than in plasma (2 h). Excellent penetration (71%) of ceftibuten into MEF was observed on the basis of the area under the curve ratio (MEF/plasma). These data clearly indicate that ceftibuten penetrated well into the MEF to yield clinically effective concentrations.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1995

Multinational multicenter controlled trial comparing ceftibuten with cefaclor for the treatment of acute otitis media. Members of the Ceftibuten Otitis Media International Study Group.

A randomized, controlled, single blind clinical trial was conducted in children with acute otitis media to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a 10-day course of therapy with ceftibuten 9 mg/kg taken as a single daily dose, up to a maximum daily dose of 400 mg, compared with cefaclor 40 mg/kg/day in three divided doses, up to a maximum of 1 g/day. Patients were evaluated any time from 1 to 3 days after completion of therapy (posttreatment follow-up). A total of 154 patients (106 ceftibuten, 48 cefaclor) were evaluable for efficacy. Clinical success as determined by resolution (cure) or improvement of signs and symptoms of infection were seen in 89 and 88% of patients treated with ceftibuten and cefaclor, respectively, at the posttreatment follow-up visit. At the extended follow-up visit (any time from 2 to 4 weeks after completion of therapy), clinical success was sustained in 88 and 82% of the ceftibuten-treated and cefaclor-treated patients, respectively. A total of 391 patients (264 ceftibuten, 127 cefaclor) were included in the safety analysis. Treatment-related adverse experiences occurred in 8% of ceftibuten-treated patients and 14% of cefaclor-treated patients. All were mild or moderate and the majority were gastrointestinal. There were no deaths or serious adverse events. The results of this study suggest that ceftibuten is an effective and well-tolerated alternative to other antibiotic therapies for the treatment of children with acute otitis media.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

The efficacy and safety of once-daily ceftibuten compared with co-amoxiclav in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis.

The efficacy and safety of a once-daily oral regimen of 400 mg ceftibuten was compared with oral co-amoxiclav 500 mg three times daily in a multicentre, single-blind study. In patients with a bacteriologically confirmed infection, a successful clinical outcome was reported in 25 of 25 patients treated with ceftibuten and 10 of 10 patients treated with co-amoxiclav. In a further group of 88 patients, most of whom had been excluded from the primary efficacy evaluation because no pathogen was isolated pretreatment, overall successful clinical outcomes of 87% and 88% were reported for ceftibuten and co-amoxiclav, respectively. The duration of treatment and the time to resolution of the signs and symptoms of sinusitis were not significantly different in the two treatment groups. The incidence of adverse events was higher in the co-amoxiclav-treated patients (31% versus 15% in the ceftibuten group) as was the incidence of severe events (10% for co-amoxiclav-treated patients versus < 1% in the ceftibuten group). In summary, once-daily ceftibuten can be considered a safe and effective treatment for acute bacterial sinusitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Retropharyngeal mediastinal pneumatocele. Report of a case.

We report the case of an infant with penetrating neck trauma followed by an upper respiratory tract obstruction. This case presented a diagnostic and management dilemma because of the development of an unusual retropharyngeal collection of air. In our review of the medical literature, we were unable to find any other case with a similar manifestation and clinical course.

Air↗
PubMed1978

Pediatric tracheotomy. A five-year comparison study.

A five-year retrospective study (1972-1976) of pediatric tracheotomies that were performed on patients (age limit, 14 years) was undertaken with the following objectives in mind. We chose to compare the indications, complications, and both the short- and long-term follow-up results of patients who were arbitrarily classified into two groups. Group 1 consisted of those patients who weighed more than 2,500 g at the time of tracheotomy, and group 2 were those who weighed less than 2,500 g. A total of 61 patients were included in our study. Forty-eight patients (57 tracheotomies) were placed into group 1, and 13 patients (15 tracheotomies) were in group 2. The results of our study demonstrate that there is a higher morbidity, complication rate, and death rate in the patients in group 2.

Adolescent↗