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Biomedical subjects

R J Newman

Publications and source records attributed to R J Newman.

82 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

An evaluation of operative procedures in the treatment of hammer toe.

Eighty per cent of 63 patients who had undergone 136 surgical corrections of hammer toes in the 6 years prior to this study were improved by operation. In adults proximal phalangectomy was the most successful procedure to relieve symptoms and is suggested as the operation of choice. Flexor to extensor tendon transfer was successful in children but not in adults. It is proposed that the operation be performed in an out-patient basis whenever possible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Comparison of the antilipolytic effect of metoprolol, acebutolol, and propranolol in man.

Metoprolol and acebutolol, two supposedly cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, were tested in 11 healthy men against propranolol, a non-selective drug, for their effect on plasma free fatty acid concentrations before and after insulin. The fasting concentrations of free fatty acid were significantly reduced after acebutolol and propranolol, and their return to normal after insulin was delayed. Metoprolol had no significant effect on free fatty acid levels either before or after insulin. Although both selective and non-selective beta-blocking drugs should be expected to delay the return of free fatty acid values to normal after insulin, in contrast to propranolol and acebutolol, metoprolol had no such effect. This suggests that metoprolol may not be as effective as the other two drugs in controlling lipid metabolism during long-term treatment with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

Acebutolol↗
PubMed1976

Comparison of propranolol, metoprolol, and acebutolol on insulin-induced hypoglycaemia.

Metoprolol and acebutolol, two supposedly cardio-selective beta-adrenergic recptor blocking agents, were tested in healthy volunteers against propranolol, a non-selective drug, for their effect on blood glucose levels during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. There was not significant difference between propranolol and metoprolol, which both potentiated the initial hypoglycaemic action of the insulin and delayed the return to normoglycaemia. Acebutolol, even though potentiating the initial hypoglycaemia, did not possess a significant delaying effect. A similar trial should be undertaken in diabetics to determine with certainty the safety of such drugs in diabetes mellitus.

Acebutolol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of macrophage conditioned media on Leydig cell function.

Primary gonadal failure frequently occurs in male patients with serious illness. This has suggested that activation of the immune system may affect the endocrine function of the testis. Most previous studies have evaluated the effects of individual cytokines on testosterone (T) production but with conflicting results. The present study was performed to compare the effects on Leydig cell function of a mixture of cytokines found in macrophage conditioned media (MCM), with that of individual recombinant cytokines. The MCM was found to contain an acid stable, heat labile, 16.5 kD factor(s) which significantly decreased the production of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (dHT), adenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), and guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). The MCM had no effect on the specific binding of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) but decreased the activity of 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3-beta-HSD) (a regulated Leydig cell enzyme). Neither tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) interleukin 1 alpha (IL1 alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL1 beta), interleukin 2 (IL2), interleukin 6 (IL6), or human interferon alpha,beta (IFN alpha,beta) had a similar effect. These results show that the cytokines or other factor(s) contained in MCM are potent regulators of T production, which could be important in understanding the low serum T levels associated with serious illness.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗