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R J Jarrett

Publications and source records attributed to R J Jarrett.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
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Male-type fat distribution is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in noninsulin-treated diabetics.

Abdominal fat distribution estimated by the waist/hip ratio (WHR) was studied in 85 subjects (55 men, 30 women) with treated noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), and its association with cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors was analyzed. In men, WHR was highly correlated with the body mass index (BMI; r = 0.697), but this was not true in women (r = 0.091). In men, WHR was significantly and positively correlated with mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) level. In women, this correlation was also positive, but of lesser degree. Fasting plasma insulin was highly correlated with BMI and WHR in men, but not in women. In both sexes, WHR was positively correlated with fasting serum triglyceride and negatively correlated with serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In addition, mean WHR, but not BMI, was significantly greater in subjects with cardiovascular disease (positive electrocardiographic signs and/or history of angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, intermittent claudication).

Adipose Tissue↗
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Why blame cholesterol?

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Coronary Disease↗
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Physical activity, glucose tolerance, and diabetes mellitus: the Whitehall Study.

In the Whitehall Study, 6,672 men aged 40-64 years completed a questionnaire concerning leisure time physical activity and had a capillary blood glucose measurement on a sample taken 2 h after a 50 g glucose load. An activity score was calculated by grouping subjects into three broad categories: inactive, moderately active, and active. In both univariate and multiple regression analysis no significant association between blood glucose level and activity score could be found. There were 49 previously diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetic men and 25 men with 2 h blood glucose levels exceeding 11.1 mmol/l. The proportion of men in each of these groups did not differ significantly between the three activity categories. In a 1:10 sub-sample (n = 1,650) of the whole Study population there was no relationship between glucose tolerance distribution and a measure of energy expenditure (kcal/kg body weight). In this population there is no evidence for relationship between glucose tolerance or non-insulin-dependent diabetes and reported leisure time physical activity, or between glucose tolerance and energy expenditure.

Adult↗
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Do we need IGT?

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Blood Glucose↗
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The WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetes: 1. General description.

A general description of the multinational study under the auspices of the World Health Organization is presented. The purpose was to compare the prevalence of vascular disease in representative samples of diabetic subjects of different ethnic and cultural habitus. Standardized methods of investigation were devised. Fourteen centers participated, and the data collected so far indicate that the characteristics of the populations studied varied as to age composition, adiposity, cigarette smoking, treatment, age at diagnosis, and duration of diabetes. Thus, taking these factors into consideration and while awaiting completion of the data, conclusions must be drawn with reserve.

Adult↗
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The WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetes: 2. Macrovascular disease prevalence.

14 national groups have collaborated under WHO auspices to select, from local defined populations of individuals with clinical diabetes, groups of approximately 500 within the age range 35--55 yr stratified by age, sex, and known duration of diabetes. In each center, the selected patients were submitted to a standardized study protocol, which included systematic inquiry (WHO questionnaire) for the presence of symptoms of angina pectoris, history of myocardial infarction, presence of intermittent claudication, and cigarette smoking history. Examination included standard biometry, blood pressure measurement, 12-lead (centrally Minnesota coded) electrocardiography, and central laboratory measurement of serum cholesterol and creatine. Ophthalmoscopic and urinary examinations were also included. The prevalence of arterial disease symptoms and electrocardiographic abnormalities show very large variation between countries, the lowest rates generally being found in the Oriental samples and the highest in the European. "Risk factors" for arterial disease (blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and cigarette smoking) also vary widely between diabetic groups. Although data are not yet complete, these differences appear unlikely to explain the variation in the atherosclerotic morbidity observed. Diabetic women were at least as vulnerable to arterial disease as diabetic men. A high prevalence of nonspecific abnormalities of the repolarization phase of the ECG was found, even in groups where ischemic abnormalities were rare. The origin of these is uncertain; they may represent variable local changes or possibly diabetic cardiomyopathy. This preliminary report confirms and quantifies previous indications that the impact of atherosclerotic disease on persons with diabetes varies considerably between national groups, in broad terms, running parallel with the variations in prevalence in the populations in general and suggesting that cultural and/or ethnic factors are more important determinants of atherosclerosis in diabetic individuals than is the diabetic state per se.

Adult↗
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The WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetes: 3. Microvascular disease.

A preliminary comparison and analysis of microvascular disease was performed in 14 stratified samples of diabetic subjects. Microvascular disease was assessed by estimating visual disabilities, by standardized examination of the optic fundus by direct ophthalmoscopy, by estimating proteinuria, and by measuring the serum creatinine concentration. Visual impairment by questionnaire positive varied considerably between centers, probably due to cultural differences in interpretation of the questions. Physician-assessed visual disability also yielded considerable differences in frequency; however, the frequency differences were unrelated to those observed for macrovascular disease. Retinopathy--the sum of all components--was related to duration of diabetes in each participating center. The apparent frequency of proteinuria varied considerably between centers. In general, the frequency of retinopathy was related to the level of systolic blood pressure, but there was no systematic association with cigarette smoking.

Diabetes Complications↗