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Biomedical subjects

R J Hay

Publications and source records attributed to R J Hay.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Antibody responses in tinea imbricata: the role of immunoglobulin E.

Patients with tinea imbricata were found to have raised specific immunoglobulin levels of all classes to Trichophyton concentricum antigen using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both total and specific IgE class antibodies were raised and this correlated with immediate type hypersensitivity seen on skin testing as well as the duration of infection. The significance of these findings is discussed in the light of the association between chronic fungal infections and IgE.

Antibodies, Fungal↗
PubMed1984

Endemic tinea imbricata--a study on Goodenough Island, Papua New Guinea.

Tinea imbricata was studied in 102 patients on Goodenough Island, Papua New Guinea. Trichophyton concentricum was isolated from 98 skin samples. Seven different clinical patterns of infection were distinguished: concentric, lamellar, lichenified , plaque-like, annular, palmar/plantar, onychomycosis. Hypopigmentation was a prominent feature of the infection. The disease was most common in male children or adult women. Relapse after therapy, including oral griseofulvin, in patients remaining in the area was the rule. There was no evidence to suggest that those affected were abnormally susceptible to skin infections. An ineffective immune response to the infection may well explain the high relapse rate after treatment and the extensive nature of the lesions. Other susceptibility factors, such as a genetic predisposition, may also be involved and account for the high prevalence of the infection in this area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Disseminated histoplasmosis.

A case of chronic disseminated histoplasmosis, presenting 16 years after returning to Scotland from West Bengal, is reported. The difficulties and pitfalls in diagnosis and management are emphasised.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Clinical features of superficial fungal infections caused by Hendersonula toruloidea and Scytalidium hyalinum.

The clinical appearances of infections in 128 patients caused by the mould fungi Hendersonula toruloidea (102) and Scytalidium hyalinum (37) are described. All the patients originated from the tropics or subtropics but those infected with S. hyalinum came from either the Caribbean or West Africa. Forty-one per cent of those studied had a concurrent dermatophyte infection. While the clinical features of Hendersonula and Scytalidium infections resembled those seen in 'dry type' Trichophyton rubrum infections, there were a number of distinctive features. These included the absence of dorsal infection on the feet, lateral and distal onychomycosis with extensive onycholysis and the development of paronychia on the fingers. The majority of affected patients showed no serious underlying abnormality or predisposing skin disease which could facilitate invasion. The routine incorporation of cycloheximide, which inhibits the growth of these organisms, in mycological media may explain why they are infrequently diagnosed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cell-mediated immunity in experimental murine dermatophytosis. I. Temporal aspects of T-suppressor activity caused by Trichophyton quinckeanum.

Cutaneous dermatophyte infections caused by Trichophyton quinckeanum were established in various strains of mice. All congenic BALB/B (H-2b), BALB/c (H-2d) and BALB/K (H-2k) strains showed high susceptibility to dermatophyte infection. Susceptibility is independent of MHC phenotype, since other strains with corresponding H-2 haplotypes such as C57BL/6 (H-2b), DBA/2 (H-2d) and CBA (H-2k) were resistant to the disease. During the acute phase of infection in BALB/c mice, the in vitro blastogenic responses of regional lymph node cells was suppressed. Suppression was observed for both the T cell mitogens concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin, and for the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide. A series of cell-mixing experiments revealed that lymph node cells from infected mice were able to suppress the T cell and B cell mitogenic responses of lymph node cells from normal mice. Suppression was mediated by T cells and abrogated by treatment of lymph node cells with either monoclonal anti-thy-1.2 or anti-Ly-2.2 and complement. In this report, we discuss the possibility that T-suppressor mechanism mediated by cells bearing the Ly-2+ phenotype and activated during dermatophyte infection may determine the course of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cell-mediated immunity in experimental murine dermatophytosis. II. Adoptive transfer of immunity to dermatophyte infection by lymphoid cells from donors with acute or chronic infections.

An in vivo adoptive cell transfer system was used to investigate protective immunity during experimental murine dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton quinckeanum. Using sublethally (550R) irradiated BALB/c mice which are particularly susceptible to infection, it was found that regional lymph node cells from syngeneic acutely-infected donors conferred protection to irradiated recipients. By contrast, serum from the same donors did not prevent infection of normal BALB/c mice. The capacity of lymphoid cells to transfer adoptive immunity was lost after treatment with monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and complement, but not after treatment with monoclonal anti-Ly 2.2 antibody and complement, indicating that cellular immunity is mediated by Ly 2-T cells. The cellular activity of chronically infected mice was also studied. Paradoxically, lymphoid cells from these animals which appeared to be immunologically compromised did, however, confer immunity. Adoptive immunity was abrogated by serum from chronically infected donors or by specific dermatophyte antigen, but not by homologous or heterologous anti-dermatophyte antiserum. These findings indicate that competition between cell-mediated immunity and humoral factors may be the causative mechanism for persistence of dermatophyte infection in this system.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Ketoconazole in the treatment of fungal infection. Clinical and laboratory studies.

Ketoconazole is an effective treatment for chronic superficial candidiasis as well as chronic dermatophytosis. In the latter group of infections the best results were obtained in patients with tinea corporis who were not responsive to griseofulvin. It is possible to maintain some patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in remission without using prophylactic ketoconazole, although relapses may occur. However, the responses of patients with Hendersonula and Scytalidium infections as well as those with subcutaneous mycoses, such as eumycetoma, were disappointing. Patients who have an inadequate response to ketoconazole may also have subnormal serum levels of the drug and the value of such estimations in routine management needs further evaluation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Intercellular karyotypic similarity in near-diploid cell lines of human tumor origins.

Intercellular karyotypic compositions were studied in seven near-diploid cultured cell populations (including six cell lines) of human colorectal and fibrosarcoma origins. Within each population, 50-88% of cells had the same cell-line-specific karyotype. In five of these seven populations, coexisting minor cell types could readily be identified, implicating the frequent occurrence of mosaicism in transformed cell lines. Nearly 90% of these cell types showed a single chromosome loss or gain from the modal cell karyotype. Parameters that may assist in the evaluation of karyotypic diversity of a transformed cell line are discussed briefly.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Disseminated zygomycosis (mucormycosis) caused by Saksenaea vasiformis.

A 14-year-old child from Iraq presented with an acute febrile illness accompanied by large necrotic skin lesions and bronchopneumonia from which he subsequently died. The infection was caused by an unusual zygomycete fungus Saksenaea vasiformis. Previous reports of infection with this organism are rare and tissue invasion has usually followed traumatic injury. In the child reported here no predisposing abnormalities were apparent.

Adolescent↗