Mezlocillin: treatment of skin and soft tissue infections.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
R J Fass
Publications and source records attributed to R J Fass.
In-vitro activity of Sch 29482 against bacterial blood isolates.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
In vitro activity of moxalactam and mecillinam, singly and in combination, against multi-drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species.
The in vitro interaction of moxalactam and mecillinam against multi-drug-resistant gram-negative enteric bacilli was studied by checkerboard microdilution susceptibility tests and by killing curve kinetics. Against Enterobacteriaceae, the combination was unpredictable; the frequencies of synergy, indifference, and antagonism were 11, 76, and 13%, respectively. Against Pseudomonas sp., the two drugs were consistently indifferent. Overall, the combination of moxalactam and mecillinam was no more active than moxalactam alone.
Amdinocillin↗
Comparative in vitro activities of beta-lactam-tobramycin combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and multidrug-resistant gram-negative enteric bacilli.
Piperacillin was more consistently active than tobramycin, carbenicillin, moxalactam, or ceftriaxone against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from blood cultures and against multidrug-resistant strains. Moxalactam and ceftriaxone were more consistently active than tobramycin, carbenicillin, or piperacillin against multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Synergy between beta-lactam antibiotics and tobramycin was frequently observed against strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from blood cultures but not against multidrug-resistant organisms. Piperacillin plus tobramycin was the most active antibiotic combination against P. aeruginosa. Moxalactam plus tobramycin and ceftriaxone plus tobramycin were the most active antibiotic combinations against Enterobacteriaceae.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Comparative in vitro activities of azlocillin-cefotaxime and azlocillin-tobramycin combinations against blood and multi-drug resistant bacterial isolates.
The in vitro activities of azlocillin and cefotaxime in combination and of azlocillin and tobramycin in combination against 100 blood isolates and 50 multidrug-resistant isolates were compared. With both combinations, antibacterial spectrums were complementary. Although synergy against individual strains was infrequently observed (except for azlocillin-cefotaxime against Streptococcus faecalis and azlocillin-tobramycin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa), 97% of blood isolates and 76% of multidrug-resistant isolates were susceptible to azlocillin-cefotaxime, and 94% of blood isolates and 36% of multidrug-resistant isolates were susceptible to azlocyclin-tobramycin.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Quality control and interpretive criteria for the azlocillin disk diffusion susceptibility test.
The standardized disk diffusion test was performed with 75-micrograms azlocillin disks to determine individual test, accuracy, and precision control values with Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. In addition, regression lines for correlating inhibitory zone diameters with the 75-micrograms azlocillin disk and azlocillin minimal inhibitory concentrations were calculated for gram-negative clinical isolates (including Enterobacteriaceae, P. Aeruginosa, other nonfermenters, and Aeromonas hydrophila). Criteria for distinguishing susceptible isolates from resistant isolates, based on an error-rate bound classification scheme, are proposed.
Azlocillin↗
Response of mice to transtracheal pulmonary inoculation of anaerobic bacteria.
The transtracheal inoculation of a mixture of anaerobic bacteria, with or without hydrochloric acid, into the lungs of mice caused nonlethal pneumonia and abscesses in a minority of challenged animals. All animals cleared organisms and recovered by 30 days. Secondary infection with Escherichia coli was common but did not affect the response to challenge with the anaerobes.
Anaerobiosis↗
In vitro susceptibilities of Aeromonas hydrophila to 32 antimicrobial agents.
Minimal inhibitory concentrations of 32 antimicrobial agents for 20 strains fo Aeromonas hydrophila were determined by a microdilution method. Moxalactam was the most active drug tested. All strains were also susceptible to clinically achievable concentrations of mecillinam, cefamandole, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, aminoglycosides (except streptomycin), tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Aeromonas↗
Mezlocillin susceptibility tests by the single-disk agar diffusion method.
A regression line for correlating zones of inhibition of a 75-mug mezlocillin disk with minimal inhibitory concentrations of mezlocillin for Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenters was calculated. Correlation was excellent (r = -0.96) for all species tested except Pseudomonas cepacia.
Enterobacteriaceae↗
Inconsistency of synergy between the beta-lactamase inhibitor CP-45,899 and beta-lactam antibiotics against multiply drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas species.
Synergy between CP-45,899 and ampicillin or newer beta-lactam antibiotics against multiply drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas species was inconsistent. In contrast, synergy between CP-45,899 and ampicillin against beta-lactamase-producing strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b and Bacteroides fragilis was consistent and marked.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Fever, weight loss, and hilar adenopathy in a microbiologist.
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Adult↗
In vitro activity of cefoperazone against nonfermenters and Aeromonas hydrophila.
The in vitro activity of cefoperazone against 380 strains (33 species and unnamed groups) of nonferenters and 20 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila was studied by a microdilution method of determining minimal inhibitory concentrations. For comparison, the activities of ampicillin, ticarcillin, and cefamandole were simultaneously studied. Cefoperazone was the most active drug against Pseudomonas sp., Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Flavobacterium meningosepticum. Flavobacterium sp. (group IIb), Group IVc biotype 2, Group Ve, and Aeromonas hydrophila. Against other organisms it was equivalent in activity to or less active than comparative antibiotics. The only organisms which were usually resistant to 128 microgram of cefoperazone per ml were strains of Flavobacterium odoratum and Group IIk biotype 1.
Aeromonas↗
Activity of mecillinam alone and in combination with other beta-lactam antibiotics.
The in vitro activities of mecillinam, ticarcillin, cefamandole, and cefoxitin, singly and in all possible combinations, against 53 clinical isolates were studied by a checkerboard method of determining minimal inhibitory concentrations. For selected representative strains, bactericidal activity was determined by minimal bactericidal concentrations and killing curves. Mecillinam was the least active antibiotic against gram-positive cocci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacteroides fragilis and the most active against Enterobacteriaceae. Reproducibility of mecillinam minimal inhibitory concentrations for susceptible Enterobacteriaceae was often poor, however, due to minor variations in inoculum size. When mecillinam resistance was observed with Enterobacteriaceae, partial inhibition could be demonstrated at concentrations below minimal inhibitory concentrations, and bacterial cells were consistently ovoid or round; under those conditions the addition of a second study antibiotic resulted in marked synergistic inhibition and killing which was independent of inoculum size and susceptibility to the second antibiotic. In contrast, synergy with mecillinam against mecillinam-susceptible strains or with other antibiotic combinations against any species was not consistently observed.
Amdinocillin↗
Histoplasma meningitis: diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid serology.
Two patients with culture-negative chronic meningitis were diagnosed as having Histoplasma capsulatum meningitis based on serial serologic studies; both had antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as the serum. The patients were treated successfully with amphotericin B and had favorable clinical responses. Three control patients with active histoplasmosis and positive serum serologic tests, but without meningeal involvement, did not have antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid. Patients with chronic meningitis of obscure cause should have serial serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibody studies for H. capsulatum.
Adult↗
Central nervous system toxicity associated with metronidazole therapy.
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Blood-Brain Barrier↗
In vitro activities of beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. A comparative study of 20 parenterally administered drugs.
In vitro susceptibilities of 552 recent clinical isolates to 20 parenterally administered beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics were studied. Newer beta-lactam antibiotics had no increased activity over well-known penicillins and cephalosporins against Gram-positive cocci. All showed greater activity, a broadened spectrum, or both against Gram-negative bacilli; azlocillin, mezlocillin, mecillinam, cefamandole, and cefoxitin each had unique advantages. Against Bacteroides fragilis, mezlocillin was more active than available penicillins, and cefoxitin was more active than available cephalosporins, but neither provided any advantages against other anaerobes. All the aminoglycosides studied were inactive against streptococci and anaerobes but had broad spectrums of activity against staphylococci and Enterobacteriaceae. Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was variable. Sisomicin was the most active aminoglycoside against aminoglycoside-susceptible Gram-negative bacilli, but amikacin inhibited the largest percentage (99.2%) of Enterobacteriaceae and P aeruginosa.
Amdinocillin↗
Comparative efficacy of prophylactic cephalothin and cefamandole for elective colon surgery: results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind study.
Thirty-four patients undergoing elective colon resection or anastomosis received either intravenous cephalothin or cefamandole prophylactically and were observed for evidence of intraabdominal or wound infection, or both, postoperatively. The infection rates were 31 and 33 per cent, respectively. Infections were caused predominantly by cephalosporin resistant aerobes and anaerobes. All four bacteremias were caused by members of the B. fragilis group. The overall infection rate (32 per cent) and the frequency of anaerobic bacteremia (12 per cent) observed in this study were much higher than previously reported after cephalosporin prophylaxis for colorectal surgery.
Adenoma↗
Effect of divalent cation concentrations on the antibiotic susceptibilities of nonfermenters other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The effects of supplementing Mueller-Hinton broth with calcium and magnesium on the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of eight aminoglycosides, colistin, tetracycline, and carbenicillin for 11 nonfermenters other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied and compared with the effects for Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa. MICs were simultaneously performed in unsupplemented Mueller-Hinton broth and Mueller-Hinton broth supplemented to contain 5 mg of calcium and 2.5 mg of magnesium per dl. Changes in MICs were expressed as the increases in the number of log(2) concentrations caused by supplementation. The usual increases in MICs of aminoglycosides caused by supplementation were: zero concentrations for E. coli, one to six concentrations for P. aeruginosa, and one to two concentrations for most other nonfermenters. The largest increases (five to six concentrations) were observed with gentamicin and P. aeruginosa. The usual increases in MICs of colistin were: zero concentrations for E. coli, two concentrations for P. aeruginosa, and one to two concentrations for other nonfermenters. Increases in MICs of tetracycline were: one to five concentrations for all organisms tested. The usual increases in MICs of carbenicillin were: zero concentrations for E. coli and P. aeruginosa and zero to two concentrations for other nonfermenters. These observations indicated that supplementation of Mueller-Hinton broth to contain recommended concentrations of calcium and magnesium had little effect on MICs of aminoglycosides and colistin for E. coli but increased MICs for most nonfermenters, increased MICs of tetracycline for E. coli and all nonfermenters, and had little effect on MICs of carbenicillin for E. coli and P. aeruginosa but increased the MICs for several nonfermenters other than P. aeruginosa.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗