Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R J Fallon.
Serum-levels of rifampicin were investigated in patients receiving rifampicin alone or with other antituberculosis drugs. 2 g of probenecid given 30 min before 300 mg of rifampicin did not result in raising serum levels to more than half those achieved with the standard 600 mg dose of rifampicin. Hence probenecid should not be used to reduce rifampicin dosage in antituberculosis therapy.
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When grown overnight on Columbia agar in an atmosphere of hydrogen and carbon dioxide, haemolytic strains of Lancefield group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae) produce orange or brown pigmented colonies. This production of pigmented colonies can be used for the rapid presumptive identification of these organisms as belonging to group B without the need for grouping by serological methods.
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Airborne bacteria surveys in nuclear submarines show that the total microbial load was maintained at satisfactorily low levels during prolonged patrols despite factors which were expected to increase this form of pollution.The isolation rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Neisseria meningitidis from nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs respectively, together with the serum antibody titres to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, before and after patrols suggested that the transmission of these organisms between individuals was not much increased by patrol conditions. The finding of higher numbers of airborne gram-negative rods and bodily contamination by enterobacteria is frequently reported in submersibles but does not appear to cause major outbreaks of illness in nuclear submarine crews.
Twelve cases of gastroenteritis caused by Escherichia coli 0142K86H6 are described. Ten of these cases were clearly involved in an outbreak of cross infection. The other two cases yielded interesting information on infection with E. coli. 0142. Five cases, two being fatal, required repeated intravenous infusion, and one further infant required parenteral replacement therapy on a single occasion only. Cross infection occurred at the primary site-a ward partitioned into cubicles-despite full barrier nursing techniques. Infection spread also to two other wards, and resulted from transfer of latently infected cases. Illness in several infants was protracted and debilitating because of the relapsing nature of the infection. The pathology of the two fatalities is reported briefly.
Using the biochemical scheme of Cowan, Steel, Shaw, and Duguid (1960) 209 strains of the genus Klebsiella isolated from sputum were classified and their relationship to disease in the patients from whom they were isolated was examined. K. aerogenes predominated and was seldom of proven pathogenicity. K. ozaenae was the next most common species isolated and was of pathological significance in 38% of cases. K. edwardsii var edwardsii, K. edwardsii var atlantae, and K. pneumoniae were less commonly isolated but were more frequently associated with severe disease than K. aerogenes and K. ozaenae.
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