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Biomedical subjects

R J Donovan

Publications and source records attributed to R J Donovan.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Recall of AIDS public service announcements and their impact on the ranking of AIDS as a national problem.

The efficacy of two public service announcements from Phase V of the "America Responds to AIDS" (ARTA) campaign was assessed at two sites. Participants were randomly assigned to view a local news program, one with an ARTA public service announcement appearing six times and the other with no AIDS public service announcements. During telephone interviews with 907 participants 1 to 3 nights after viewing, 21% at Site A and 59% at Site B could correctly recall the ARTA public service announcements. Absolute mentions of AIDS as an important national issue increased.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Gastric duplication.

Vomiting and failure to thrive were the presenting complaints of a patient with gastric duplication. The case is presented and features of gastric duplication are summarized with other cases reported in the literature.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Immunoregulation of Heymann's nephritis. I. Induction of suppressor cells.

Pretreatment of Lewis rats with a series of injections of a renal tubular antigen (RTA) in IFA prevented induction of Heymann's nephritis (HN) when the rats were challenged with RTA in FCA. This absence of disease was confirmed by immunofluorescent staining for rat IgG and histologic examination of the kidneys as well as by lack of development of significant proteinuria. Passive transfer of spleen and lymph node cells from rats receiving such pretreatment into syngeneic recipients prevented induction of HN when these recipients were challenged with RTA in FCA. Passive transfer of serum obtained from pretreated rats was without effect. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms involved in preventing HN by this pretreatment regimen was the induction of suppressor cells. The results of spleen cell transformation indicated that the suppressor cells were specific for RTA as the immune response to a second antigen, PPD, was unaffected. When rats already had active early HN, the diseas course was unaffected by transfer of suppressor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

House call.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Health Education↗
PubMed1978

Prevalence of retinopathy in a diabetic clinic.

In a prospective study lasting 14 months an attempt was made to measure the visual acuity and examine the fundi, after mydriasis, of all patients attending the diabetic clinic of a district general hospital. Of 704 patients, 160 (22.7%) had some evidence of retinopathy, and 52 (7.4%) of these were already attending an ophthalmologist. A further 18 (2.6%) were known to have retinopathy and were being followed up in the diabetic clinic. Ninety (12.8%) new patients with diabetic retinopathy were discovered. Most had minimal changes, but 30 (4.3%) were considered to have changes severe enough to be referred to an ophthalmologist. Twenty-two (2.1%) underwent, or were awaiting, photocoagulation, and half of these had had no visual symptoms when first seen. Although some of these patients were already being treated or observed for retinopathy, it is encouraging that relatively few new patients needing treatment for retinopathy were discovered. If retinopathy could be detected early enough physicians might be able to deal with it and so ease pressure on ophthalmological services.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paid advertising for AIDS prevention--would the ends justify the means?

An examination by the Centers for Disease Control and the Research Triangle Institute concluded that "hard-to-reach" populations could be reached with AIDS prevention messages through the broadcast and print media and that a study should be undertaken to assess whether paid placement of these messages could have an effect on HIV-related behaviors. The recommended target population for a study of paid advertising would be sexually active 18-24-year-old black urban dwellers. Its behavioral objectives would include abstinence and safer sex practices. For any evaluation of a paid advertising campaign to be valid, there would have to be extensive audience profiling, research into the development of the message, pretesting of the message, and involvement of the community. The proposed study would include measurement of various "dosage" levels of paid advertising, use of a no-intervention comparison group, and a novel data collection technique. Although a specific target group and specific messages would be involved, the evaluation would make a substantial contribution to resolving the broader issue of whether and how mass media should be used directly or indirectly to change or reinforce health-related behaviors.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗