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Biomedical subjects

R J Carr

Publications and source records attributed to R J Carr.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Determination of protein size in chromatography column eluants by on-line photon correlation spectroscopy.

The dynamic light scattering technique of photon correlation spectroscopy has been used to determine biomacromolecule hydrodynamic radius in solutions flowing at rates similar to those experienced in liquid chromatographic separation systems. Such analyses can be performed rapidly (less than 5 s). The potential of the technique as an on-line noninvasive monitor for liquid chromatography is discussed.

Light↗
PubMed1988

A comparative study of psychosocial data on patients with maxillofacial injuries in an urban population--a preliminary study.

A retrospective study of 75 patients who had sustained maxillofacial injuries was undertaken. These patients were assigned to one of three equal groups consisting of firstly, patients whose injuries had been inflicted by a person who had an established personal relationship to the victim, secondly, where the assailant was completely unknown to the victim, and thirdly, a group where inter-personal conflict was not involved. Psychological, social and clinical data was collected and analysed. A profile emerged of a patient who is 'at risk' from assault by a person well known to them. Two thirds of the victims were female; the victims were exclusively from social classes IV and V, and half of the victims had a previous record of assault against their person. Psychological indices of neuroticism were also higher in this group. This group of patients should be identified, and special consideration offered, including family support and referral to social workers, in addition to alerting their general medical practitioners.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Multiple odontogenic keratocysts in a patient with type II (mitis) Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is now considered to be a heterogeneous collection of fundamentally distinct disorders. The many and varied sub-types of EDS have been distinguished using clinical, genetic and in some cases biochemical criteria and this has important implications as regards prognosis and the prediction of inheritance patterns. The major clinical features of EDS are reviewed, with particular emphasis placed on the possible complications encountered in the practice of oral surgery. A case of Type II mitis EDS is described, that presented with multiple odontogenic keratocysts.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Tumour implantation to a temporalis muscle flap donor site.

A rare case of tumour implantation to the donor site of a temporalis muscle flap is described. This flap was used for intra-oral reconstruction following resection of a squamous cell carcinoma of the retromolar fossa. This surprisingly uncommon complication of ablative cancer surgery should largely be preventable by strict adherence to well established surgical principles.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1986

A review of tumours of the deep lobe of the parotid salivary gland.

Tumours of the deep lobe of the parotid gland may present as a swelling in the oropharynx. They are uncommon when compared with those of the superficial lobe, are frequently misdiagnosed and subjected to per-oral biopsy which is hazardous and predisposes to seeding of the tumour. Investigation and diagnosis are discussed with particular reference to the role of computed tomography. The surgical approach to these inaccessible tumours is illustrated by reference to patients treated. Modifications to the technique of Cooke and Ranger (1969) for excision of parapharyngeal tumours are suggested, which are applicable to tumours of the deep lobe extending medial to the mandible and presenting in the side wall of the pharynx.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1986

Isolated partial third nerve palsy following Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy in a patient with cleft lip and palate.

A rare case is reported of right sided isolated partial IIIrd (oculomotor) nerve palsy complicating a Le Fort I Wake osteotomy in a cleft patient. This lesion recovered spontaneously and completely by 8 weeks. Computed tomography failed to reveal a focal lesion to account for this complication, which was thought to be a neuropraxia caused either by transmitted force or accumulation of haematoma and/or oedema, perhaps related to abnormal anatomy inherent in cleft cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Oral presentation of disseminated angiosarcoma.

Angiosarcoma is a rare tumour of vascular endothelium seen most commonly on the skin. particularly the scalp. Only 4% occur in the pharynx, oral cavity or paranasal sinuses, either as primary or metastatic disease. As a mode of presentation, oral bleeding is also very rare, but is a grave sign and usually indicates widespread disease. A rapidly fatal case is presented, including post-mortem material, which illustrates many of the features of this rare oral tumour.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Toxicity of paraquat to microorganisms.

The biochemical response of the microorganisms Lipomyces starkeyi (Lod & Rij), Escherichia coli K-12 W3110, Bacillus subtilis 168 (Marburg) and Pseudomonas sp. strain TTO1 to the presence of growth-inhibitory concentrations of paraquat was studied. Paraquat was added to each culture at a concentration previously determined to reduce the culture growth rate by up to 50%. The changes in activity of a number of enzymes previously shown to be associated with the defense of the mammalian system against the action of paraquat were studied. While the response of E. coli was in agreement with that found in other studies of this microorganism and supports a commonly accepted mechanism for paraquat toxicity, the results obtained with L. starkeyi, B. subtilis, and Pseudomonas sp. strain TTO1 suggest that other mechanisms exist for protection against the toxicity of paraquat.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1985

The development and application of biosensing devices for bioreactor monitoring and control.

Presently, few of the reported (bio)chemical sensor devices have found application in fermentation monitoring and control. Although many devices with desirable selectivities have been reported, few have demonstrated reliability sufficient to encourage significant and widespread application. Chemical sensors (ion-selective electrodes, amperometric detectors, piezoelectric, field-effect transistors, semiconductor, Optrode and optoelectronic sensors), biosensors (based on potentiometric, amperometric, field-effect transistor and conductiometric detectors) and physical detection methods are reviewed with the aim of highlighting the problems of their application in this area. Physical detection principles appear to show promise as reliable and direct monitoring principles. However, even the more reliable discrete (bio)chemical sensor devices require the development of on-line flow sampling and autocalibration methods to demonstrate the necessary reliability. Biosensor devices appear most problematical and it is concluded that continued development of more direct biosensing principles is likely to prove most fruitful.

Biological Products↗
PubMed1985

Mechanism of biodegradation of paraquat by Lipomyces starkeyi.

The biodegradation of ring-14C- and methyl-14C-labeled paraquat by the soil yeast Lipomyces starkeyi was studied in vitro. It was found that the degradation of paraquat (acting as a sole source of culture nitrogen) resulted in the accumulation in the extracellular medium of radiolabeled acetic acid. The culture also evolved radiolabeled CO2. The results suggest that the degradation of paraquat by L. starkeyi is associated with the integrity of the cell wall and that disruption or removal of the wall results in a complete loss of degradative capability. A mechanism for the degradation of paraquat by this organism is postulated.

Ascomycota↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of decreasing maternity leave on breast-feeding patterns.

An Army hospital decreased maternity leave for its female soldiers from 42 days to 30 days. For the 12 months preceding the change, 42% of the soldiers chose to breast feed. For the 12 months after the change in maternity leave, 41% of the soldiers chose to breast feed. The decrease in leave had no effect on the duration of breast feeding. Most soldiers before and after the change weaned by the time their infants were two months old.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dimensions of happiness: a qualitative study of family practice residents.

BACKGROUND: Happiness is related to both positive and negative forces. Positive factors, or happiers, that compensate for stressors in residency have only recently been recognized in a pilot study of 14 family practice residents. These happiers are positivism, the pursuit of goals, relationships, a religious belief system, and feedback. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe happiers of residency in family practice in each postgraduate year and relate the findings to established theories on well-being. METHODS: A qualitative interview with participant observation was used to study 59 residents at four family practice residency sites. Interviews were semistructured and audiotaped. Tapes and field notes were analyzed for trends. The Faces Scale was administered as a happiness visual analog scale. RESULTS: The importance of a well-balanced lifestyle, as well as the pursuit of goals, relationships, and accentuation of the positive, were found to be happiers for all residents interviewed. Religious commitment, feedback, and a sense of control or autonomy were important to the level of happiness of more than 60 percent of residents interviewed. Feedback was more important to 1st-year residents, and a sense of control was more important to 2nd-year and 3rd-year residents. CONCLUSION: The seven happiers described in this study were similar to happiness factors reported in the social science literature. Our findings could contribute to theories of resident well-being and further the research on well-being in residency training.

Achievement↗