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Biomedical subjects

R J Burke

Publications and source records attributed to R J Burke.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Impact of restructuring scale: an instrument to measure effects of hospital restructuring.

As restructuring and downsizing occur throughout the workplace, many individuals are either losing their jobs or experiencing job insecurity. The study of downsizing is particularly important within the healthcare system where hospital mergers and closings, and severe cutbacks, have dramatically reduced healthcare services. Since nurses are the largest group employed by hospitals, they are the most likely to be affected by recent cutbacks. All this leads to the conclusion that a measure of the impact of restructuring is needed. This study reports on the Impact of Restructuring Scale--a new scale containing acceptable psychometric properties--that quantifies the effects of restructuring on organizations and individuals. The scale was applied to a sample of 1,363 nurses employed in hospitals undergoing restructuring and downsizing. The nurses returned a self-report questionnaire in which they reported their reactions to hospital restructuring and to specific job stressors.

Budgets↗
PubMed2001

Effects of changing hospital units during organizational restructuring.

This study examined the effects on work experience, satisfaction, and psychological well-being when hospital-based nursing staff change nursing units during a period of major health care system and hospital restructuring. Data were collected from 1,362 staff nurses using anonymous questionnaires. Fourteen percent (n = 194) had changed units in the preceding year. Although the effects of changing units were small, staff nurses who had changed units generally reported higher levels of work stressors, less satisfaction, and more negative emotional well-being.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Spence and Robbins' measures of workaholism components: test-retest stability.

There has been a recent increase in research devoted to the study of workaholism, specifically concerning issues of definition and measurement. The present investigation examined the test-retest stability of Spence and Robbins' measures of the components of workaholism (1992), one of two measures that has been fairly widely used. These measures were found to be relatively stable in a sample of early-career managers (n = 67) over a 12-wk. period.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Evidence for concurrent validity of responses by survivors of hospital restructuring.

This study examined use of control, escape coping, and restructuring responses of survivors among hospital-based nursing staff who had survived significant hospital restructuring and downsizing. Four restructuring responses of survivors proposed by Mishra and Spreitzer in 1998 were considered: hopeful, obliging, cynical, and fearful. Data were collected from 744 nursing staff by questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses indicated greater use of active coping by more hopeful and more obliging survivors and greater use of escape coping by more cynical survivors.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Stress and the effects of hospital restructuring in nurses.

This study examines the extent of stress and burnout experienced by nurses during hospital restructuring. It includes both job-related outcomes such as job satisfaction and burnout, and psychosomatic outcomes such as depression. The study compares effects attributable to number of hospital restructuring initiatives with those attributable to specific work stressors such as workload, bumping (where one nurse replaces another due to greater seniority), and use of unlicensed personnel to do the work of nurses. It also examines the role of personal resources including self-efficacy and coping. Results show that, in hospitals undergoing restructuring, workload is the most significant and consistent predictor of distress in nurses, as manifested in lower job satisfaction, professional efficacy, and job security. Greater workload also contributed to depression, cynicism, and anxiety. The practice of bumping contributed to job insecurity, depression, and anxiety. The results point to specific deleterious effects of hospital restructuring. Implications of the findings are discussed. The extent to which workload issues are managed through appropriate practices can be expected to match the extent of nurses' experience of either job satisfaction or depression and anxiety. Such practices need to be part of an ongoing process of interaction between the hospital administration and nurses.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

Hospital restructuring and nursing staff well-being: the role of personal resources.

This study examined the role played by two personal resources, job mobility options and financial resources, among nursing staff during a period of major hospital restructuring and downsizing. Data were collected from 1362 staff nurses using questionnaires. Personal resources were hypothesized to have direct and indirect effects on job satisfaction and psychological well-being in a model of hospital restructuring and its effects. The model included four variables: extent of hospital restructuring, future threats to the workplace, job satisfaction, and psychosomatic symptoms. LISREL analyses indicated that financial resources reduced perceptions of future workplace threats and psychosomatic symptoms while job mobility options were associated with higher levels of job satisfaction.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed2000

Effects of hospital restructuring on full time and part time nursing staff in Ontario.

This study examined the effects of hospital restructuring and downsizing on full-time and part-time nursing staff. Data were collected from 1362 nursing staff, a 35% response rate, using anonymous questionnaires. Measures included personal and situational characteristics, hospital restructuring and downsizing variables, work outcomes and psychological well-being indicators, and work-family experiences. Although full and part-time nurses were significantly different on most personal and demographic characteristics, both groups experienced and described hospital restructuring and downsizing similarly. Full-time nurses reported greater emotional exhaustion and poorer health and indicated greater absenteeism and lower intention to quit.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

Workaholism and divorce.

This study compared workaholism components and workaholic behaviors of managers currently divorced or currently married. Data were collected using anonymous questionnaires from 530 women and men. 44 divorced and 415 still-married managers indicated similar workaholism and workaholic behaviors.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Career priority patterns among managerial women: a study of four countries.

This research examined career priority patterns among samples of managerial and professional women in Bulgaria, Canada, Norway, and Singapore. Data were collected using questionnaires. Women in all four countries shared similar career priority patterns, endorsing patterns that combined both career and family.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Hospital restructuring and downsizing in Canada: are less experienced nurses at risk?

The health care sector has undergone significant change during the past decade as hospitals struggle to provide the same service with fewer resources. This study examined perceptions of hospital restructuring and downsizing and their effects on nursing staff as a function of years in nursing. Data were obtained from 1,362 staff nurses by questionnaire. Nursing staff having less tenure generally described and responded to hospital restructuring and downsizing in more negative terms. Nursing staff having less tenure were in better health, reflecting their younger age. Some implications for hospital administration and the nursing profession are raised. Entrants to hospital-based nursing staff positions are the life blood of the profession. Their reactions to hospital restructuring and downsizing may influence their commitment to nursing as well as hospital functioning. The profession may have difficulty attracting young women and men into nursing programs. As longer tenured nursing staff retire, a potential shortage of nurses may result.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effects of sex, parental status, and spouse work involvement in dual-career couples.

This study examined the effects of sex, parental status, and spouse's work involvement on measures of work-family experiences. Data were collected from women and men employed in similar jobs at the same organizational level in a large professional services firm using anonymously completed questionnaires. A response rate of 70% was achieved. Spouses of men worked fewer hours per week than the men did; spouses of women worked more hours per week than the women did. The effects of three independent variables (sex, presence of children, hours worked by spouse) were considered simultaneously. Each had independent and significant relationships with a majority of the work-family and work outcome measures. Implications for organizations are drawn to address the increasing priority of balancing work and family commitments in dual-career couples.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Work-family conflict, spouse support, and nursing staff well-being during organizational restructuring.

This study examined work and family conflict, spouse support, and nursing staff well-being during a time of hospital restructuring and downsizing. Data were collected from 686 hospital-based nurses, the vast majority (97%) women. Nurses reported significantly greater work-family conflict than family-work conflict. Personal demographic but not downsizing and restructuring variables predicted family-work conflict; downsizing and restructuring variables but not personal demographics predicted work-family conflict. Spouse support had no effect on work-family conflict but reduced family-work conflict. Both work-family conflict and family-work conflict were associated with less work satisfaction and greater psychological distress.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

A study of the consistency of burnout over time.

Burnout over time in teachers in examined in this study using the three subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Lack of Personal Accomplishment. Measures were obtained twice, one year apart. LISREL structural equation analysis was used to test a model which predicted specified relationships among burnout components from time one to time two. Results showed that burnout components were consistent over time. Additional data suggest that one of the burnout components, emotional exhaustion, is a mediator between environmental demands and other burnout components.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed1997

A Canadian-Dutch comparison of teachers' burnout.

Scores on burnout among 631 Canadian and 1,180 Dutch teachers were compared with various demographic variables (sex and age) and factors related to work (experience in teaching, type of school, and number of hours employed). Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory of three dimensions, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment. Analysis indicated that, over-all, Canadian teachers reported higher scores on Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization than their Dutch peers. Differences in the number of hours employed were also significant: full-time Canadian teachers scored higher on Depersonalization than their Dutch colleagues. Across countries, sex and type of school appeared significantly related to burnout. Male teachers rated higher on Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization than the women. Especially with regard to the attitudinal components of burnout, i.e., Depersonalization and Personal Accomplishment, secondary school teachers reported higher scores than elementary school teachers. Age was not significantly related to measures.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Stress, satisfaction and militancy among Canadian physicians: a longitudinal investigation.

The introduction of a national health care system in Canada has resulted in regular and increasing conflict between the medical profession, government and other political actors. The present longitudinal study utilizes a stressor-strain framework to understand physician militancy in Canada. Data were collected from 1298 men and women physicians at two points in time separated by 4-5 years using questionnaires completed anonymously. Four groups of predictor variables identified in previous research were considered: individual demographic characteristics, practice characteristics, work stressors and work and professional satisfactions. Empirical support for the model was found. Each panel of predictor variables had significant and unique relationships with most measures of physician militancy measured 4-5 years later.

Adaptation, Psychological↗