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Biomedical subjects

R J Brook

Publications and source records attributed to R J Brook.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

Sequential tree method of examining the relationship between job stress and mental health.

Data from a study of 178 managers were analyzed by a sequential decision tree method which segmented the sample into homogeneous subgroups and gave insight into the relationships between job stress and mental health. Lack of needed information was the first stressor to divide the sample, followed, for the majority of managers, by acceptance by fellow workers, supervisors' evaluations, and conflicting demands.

Burnout, Professional↗

Exploring dental operators' perceptions of their clinical tasks.

Clinical variation is a result of the complex interaction of operator, operating environment and client variables. This study explores intra-operator characteristics by applying a technique from psychology known as Repertory Grid to New Zealand dental therapists, in order to elicit the ways in which they view their work. Individual interviews were conducted with 13 dental therapists to elicit the full range of tasks that they perform and the various ways that they describe them. Each therapist then rated her own work activities or tasks on her personal set of bipolar descriptions (personal constructs). Principal components analyses of each individual's set of ratings produced graphs which portrayed the pattern of meanings which therapists attributed to their work activities. Common features among the 13 therapists' work perceptions were then identified and categorised according to five types of variables (therapist, client, procedural, time and interpersonal). Common features included operator perceptions of painfulness of procedures, complexity of decision-making, interaction with people, stress for the therapist, preventive care for the client, routineness of task and challenge for the therapist. This detailed information gives a better understanding of the complex ways in which therapists view their tasks and therefore make decisions in the clinical setting. It could be conveniently used to develop a questionnaire to assess the empirical relationships between intra-operator factors and clinical outputs.

Adult↗

Time-dependent error in the APACHE II scoring system.

Using the APACHE II scoring system, the risk of death was calculated for 189 patients in the Wanganui Intensive Care Unit and 194 patients in the Harare Intensive Care Unit. Using tables of actual and predicted outcome, the predictive power of the system was compared in patients grouped according to the length of time that they spent in the ICU. The predictive error increased from 15% in those patients staying less than six days, to 38% in those staying six days or more (P less than 0.01). The predictive accuracy of the APACHE II system appeared to decrease with the length of time the patient stayed in the Intensive Care Unit.

Adult↗

Conditioning allergic skin responses in humans: a controlled trial.

Classical conditioning of immune responsiveness has been extensively investigated in animals, but few successful studies have been reported with humans. We report the results of a study in which an attempt was made to demonstrate conditioned alteration to an allergic skin test response in humans. For 8 of 10 trials, allergic skin tests were administered to one forearm of volunteer subjects, and saline was administered to the other forearm. For the other two trials, the test substances were covertly switched between arms, but no changes in response resulted from this maneuver that could be ascribed to conditioning.

Adult↗