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Biomedical subjects

R J Berry

Publications and source records attributed to R J Berry.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Early and late morphological changes (including carcinoma of the urothelium) induced by irradiation of the rat urinary bladder.

Effects of X-irradiating the urinary bladder of female F344 rats with a single dose of 20 Gy were studied by light and electron microscopy. The animals were killed 1 week-20 months post-irradiation, and all tissues of the bladder wall were found to be affected by the irradiation. In the urothelium, damage was initially restricted to the basal cells but slowly extended to intermediate cells, and by 6 months post-irradiation the urothelium was focally hyperplastic. Twenty months post-irradiation, transitional-cell carcinomas were found in 10 of the surviving 17 animals (59%). The blood vessels in the bladder wall showed damage to both the endothelial cells and the smooth muscle. The fibroblasts in the connective tissue of the bladder wall appeared to show increased secretion after irradiation, and there was abundant collagen deposition, resulting in severe fibrosis of the bladder wall. After a latent period of a few months, focal degeneration and extensive necrosis of the smooth muscle cells were seen, leading to severe destruction and disorganization of the muscular coats of the bladder wall. Thus, a single dose of irradiation of 20 Gy was sufficient to produce severe fibrosis of the bladder wall with smooth muscle degeneration and to induce carcinoma of the urothelium in most of the treated animals within 20 months.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Seventh interim progress report of the british institute of radiology fractionation study of 3F/week versus 5F/week in radiotherapy of the laryngo-pharynx.

A fresh analysis of the data entered into the multicentre BIR fractionation trial of 3F/week versus 5F/week in radiotherapy of the laryngopharynx has been undertaken. Completed records of the 732 patients initially entered into the trial have now risen from 687 at the last report to 706. The data have been analysed in a manner similar to that adopted previously so as to measure the effects of the two regimes on both tumour and normal tissues, and some additional analyses have now also been made. There have been some modifications in the results in the various sub-groups which may be due to an inadequate number of patients having been followed up for long enough at the time of the previous analyses. More data for late radiation damage to normal tissues and new radiobiological findings have suggested possible explanations for the differences which have emerged between the two groups. The apparent differences between the sub-groups containing patients with highly localized tumours, which were reported in our previous report, are now less marked and not statistically significant.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1981

Diarrhoeal disease in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal infants and young children in Western Australia.

There were remarkable differences in the rates of admission to hospital for gastroenteritis of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal infants and children in Western Australia during the eight-year period, 1971 to 1978. Although Aborigines made up only 3.7% of the State's population under five years in 1976 (the last census year) they accounted for 42% of admissions to hospital for gastroenteritis and had 58% of the bed occupancy for that disease. The highest rates of admissions were for rural infants, whether they were Aboriginal or not. Other infections, particularly of the respiratory tract, were other common causes of admission to hospital. There has been a very encouraging decline in deaths from diarrhoeal diseases, particularly in young Aborigines, in the period reviewed. Hospital admission rates also decreased for Aborigines during the latter half of the study, with the largest fall occurring in metropolitan infants, but there is still a very wide gap between the rates experienced by the Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal population under five years of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Xeroradiographic tomography of the larynx.

Adequate assessment of disease extent is vital for tumour control in the larynx. Xeroradiography using a tomographic technique was investigated. A preliminary study was carried out to assess the optimum technique and exposure. It was also found that the radiation dose to the skin, although just over twice that for film, could be halved by the removal of the secondary radiation grid. Images of 24 patients treated were assessed for soft tissue and bony detail, and it was found that the xerotomograms were beneficial to the radiotherapy planning of the treatment volume of laryngeal and related neck carcinomas.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Exotoxins of Aeromonas hydrophila.

Eighty of 103 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila cultured at 100 rev./min produced heat-labile enterotoxins detected using the suckling mouse assay. Results in intestinal perfusion agreed with the suckling mouse test in all strains tested by both methods. Enterotoxic activity correlated with haemolysin and cytotoxin production, but 4% of strains would have been wrongly classified using haemolysin assay in place of the suckling mouse test and 11% misclassified on the basis of cytotoxin assay. There was a significant association between haemolytic and cytotoxic activity, but 15% of strains produced only one of these toxins. Haemolysin, cytotoxin and enterotoxin were not always associated in a given isolate. The time of appearance of exotoxins during bacterial growth and the effects of dialysis, heating and proteolytic enzymes also suggest that haemolysins, cytotoxins and enterotoxins of Aeromonas hydrophila are separate toxins and not different manifestations of the same toxin.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1981

Detection of enterotoxins of Aeromonas hydrophila by a suckling-mouse test.

The suckling-mouse assay was reliable for detecting enterotoxigenic strains of Aeromonas hydrophila when standard conditions for growth and toxin testing were used. Enterotoxins were produced by bacteria grown in tryptone soya broth supplemented with yeast extract and aerated by shaking in an environmental incubator or water bath. When culture supernates together with dye were administered intragastrically to mice less than 6 days old, the presence of enterotoxin was assessed on the basis of a scoring system that incorporated the ratio intestinal weight: remaining body weight, and production of diarrhoea. This method should facilitate the detection of enterotoxigenic strains of Aeromonas in epidemiological studies.

Aeromonas↗
PubMed1980

Histocompatibility-2 system in wild mice. X. Frequencies of H-2 and Ia antigens in wild mice from Europe and Africa.

In this study, data are presented on serologic H-2 typing of 320 wild mice collected in several parts of Europe and Egypt. The sample was typed for 39 class I (K, D) and 16 class II (Ia) antigens. The phenotype frequencies of class I and class II antigens showed high variability in their distribution among different areas, ranging from absence or presence in low frequency in one area to presence in about one-half of the mice in another area. The average phenotypic frequency of class I private antigens was 6.3%; at least 60% of class I alleles (blanks) could not be identified with the available reagents. The data suggest that there might be more than 100 alleles for each class I locus, H-2K and H-2D. The average phenotypic frequencies of Ia-1 private antigens was 10.8%. About 75% of Ia-1 alleles (blanks) could not be identified. The number of Ia-1 alleles was estimated to be in the range of 20 to 50.

Alleles↗