Biomedical subjects

R Ikeda

Publications and source records attributed to R Ikeda.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Developmental changes of sugar residues and secretory protein in mucous cells of the early postnatal rat parotid gland.

Mucous cells have been identified in the terminal portions of the early postnatal parotid gland in human and rat, although mature parotid gland acini are composed of serous cells or seromucous cells. Previously, Ikeda et al. demonstrated that mucous cells are present in the rat parotid gland on days 1 to 8 after birth and that the secretory granules within these mucous cells share some histochemical characteristics with mature serous cells. However, it is still not clear whether the mucous cells change into serous cells as the gland develops. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the mucous cells that appear in the early postnatal rat parotid gland change into serous cells. Parotid glands were obtained from male or female Wistar rats (aged 0-14 days and adults). Fixed tissue sections were reacted with soybean agglutinin (SBA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to detect glycoconjugates, or were stained using an anti-neonatal submandibular gland protein B1 (SMG-B1) antibody to identify serous acinar cells. The sections were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Electron microscopy revealed that cells with characteristics intermediate between those of mucous and serous cells (transitional cells) appeared around day 8 and that the nuclei of these cells did not show chromatin condensation, a characteristic of apoptotic cells. Lectin histochemistry showed that the mucous cells had the same sugar residues as the serous cells, which appeared after day 10. Immunohistochemistry with an anti-SMG-B1 antibody gave a positive reaction not only in the cells with highly electron-dense granules but also in the electron-dense cores of bipartite or tripartite granules in the transitional cells. Cells with morphological characteristics intermediate between those of mucous and serous cells (transitional cells) appearing in the early postnatal rat parotid gland begin to produce B1-immunoreactive protein common to serous acinar cells during development of the gland.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Firearm storage practices and children in the home, United States, 1994.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the national prevalence of firearm ownership and storage practices in the home, to compare storage practices in homes with and without children, and to analyze demographic characteristics related to firearm storage practices in homes with children. DESIGN: A 1994 random-digit dialing telephone survey. We weighted the data to provide national estimates. PARTICIPANTS: English- and Spanish-speaking adults in households in 50 states and Washington, DC. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ownership of working powder firearm(s) in home and/or vehicle and firearm storage practices in the home. RESULTS: Of 5238 households surveyed, one third kept at least 1 firearm in the home and/or vehicle. Of 1598 households with firearm(s) in the home and known firearm storage practices, 21.5% kept at least 1 gun loaded and unlocked in the home, 30.0% stored all firearms unloaded and locked, and 48.5% stored firearms in a manners classified between these 2 practices. Households with children were more likely than households without children to store all firearms unloaded and locked (41.5% vs 20.9%); households without children were more likely than households with children to store at least 1 firearm loaded and unlocked (29.8% vs 11.1%). Among households with children and firearms, there were regional differences with respect to storage practices. CONCLUSIONS: These prevalence data show that children are potentially exposed to firearms in many households. This health threat illustrates the need for education about the issue of pediatric firearm injuries and for interventions to minimize associated risks. Health care providers should take advantage of opportunities to counsel patients regarding firearm safety in the home.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Ommochrome genesis in an albino strain of a terrestrial isopod.

The contents of tryptophan (Trp) metabolites and the activities of the enzymes involved in ommochrome biosynthesis were measured in an albino strain of a terrestrial isopod Armadillidium vulgare. There was little difference between the Trp content in the albino mutant and that in the wild type, although the contents of 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-OH-Kyn), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-OH-AA) and xanthommatin in the albino were significantly lower than those in the wild type. Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) activity in the albino was extremely low, while the activities of Kyn-3-hydroxylase and kynureninase did not differ significantly between the two phenotypes. The extremely low activity of TDO is probably one of main reasons why almost no ommochrome pigment is produced in the albino mutant.

Albinism↗

PubMed1999

Ommochrome deficiency in an albino strain of a terrestrial isopod, Armadillidium vulgare.

In order to clarify the cause of ommochrome deficiency in an albino strain of the terrestrial isopod, Armadillidium vulgare, levels of xanthommatin, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and tryptophan in whole body extracts of the albino and the wild type individuals were determined together with enzyme activities of kynurenine-3-hydroxylase, kynureninase and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase. Xanthommatin could not be detected in the albinos. The levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection and were markedly low in the albinos compared with the wild type individuals. In contrast to those, the tryptophan levels determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection did not differ significantly between the two phenotypes. In the albino A. vulgare, kynurenine-3-hydroxylase activity was lower and kynureninase activity was higher than in the wild type, although the differences were not statistically significant. Tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase activity in the albinos was less than 10% that in the wild type. Thus, ommochrome deficiency in the albino A. vulgare is considered to be caused by the extremely low activity of tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase.

3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid↗

PubMed1999

Identification of medically relevant Trichosporon species based on sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions and construction of a database for Trichosporon identification.

The nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2 regions in the rRNA gene were determined by directly sequencing PCR-amplified fragments for all of the species (17 species and five varieties) in the genus Trichosporon. Comparative sequence analysis suggests that six medically relevant species, T. asahii, T. asteroides, T. cutaneum, T. inkin, T. mucoides, and T. ovoides, can be readily identified by their ITS sequences. In addition, the sequence analysis showed that conspecific strains have fewer than 1% nucleotide differences in the ITS 1 and 2 regions overall. Molecular phylogenetic trees are also presented.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1999

A significant relationship between glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-PO) localization and biological action of testosterone in rat ventral prostate.

In order to confirm the relationship between glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-PO) localization and biological testosterone action in the rat ventral prostate, immunocytochemical localization of GSH-PO in glandular epithelial cells of the rat ventral prostate was investigated. In the untreated group, GSH-PO was predominantly demonstrated in glandular epithelial cells of the ventral prostate. Intracellular localization of GSH-PO in the glandular epithelial cells was mainly observed in cytoplasmic matrix near the rough endoplasmic reticulum and was occasionally noted as a small granular structure (GSH-PO-positive granule) at the supranuclear region. In a castrated animal, the intensity of GSH-PO staining in the glandular epithelial cells was remarkably decreased. By testosterone administration to the castrated animal, GSH-PO was clearly detected in the glandular epithelial cells. Intracellular localization of GSH-PO was mainly observed in cytoplasmic matrix and the number of GSH-PO-positive granules increased remarkably. These findings suggest that immunostainable GSH-PO in the glandular epithelial cells of the rat ventral prostate is testosterone-dependent, and that its staining pattern is a useful marker for biological testosterone action.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[Prophylaxis of recurrence in superficial bladder carcinoma by intravesical chemotherapy--comparative study between instillation of combined double anticancer agents and single anticancer agent].

We performed a study to compare the usefulness of double or single anticancer agents in the prophylactic treatment after the transurethral resection (TUR) of superficial bladder cancer. We experienced 127 superficial bladder cancer cases. Of these cases, 42 were treated with intravesical adriamycin (ADR) and peplomycin (PEP), 56 with ADR, PEP, epirubicin (epi-ADR) or pirarubicin (THP) only, and the remaining 29 with TUR only. Nonrecurrence rates were significantly higher in the intravesical treated cases than in the cases with TUR only, and also significantly higher in the cases treated with ADR and PEP than the other treated cases. We concluded that intravesical chemotherapy with combined agents was more effective than with a single agent.

Administration, Intravesical↗

PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical studies in canine prostatic hyperplasia--effect of antiandrogen.

To investigated spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in dog the effect of a synthetic steroidal antiandrogen, chlormadinone acetate (CMA) was studied. Old male beagle dogs (5-8 years old) were divided into following experimental groups: group 1 consisted of BPH controls; group 2 received CMA 0.3mg/kg/day p.o., for 6 months. In group 1 animals, glandular hyperplasia of the prostate was clearly detected. The glandular epithelial cells showed uniformly intense immunostaining for nuclear androgen receptors (AR). AR was also localized in the nuclei of the fibro-muscular cells. Immunoreactivity of 5alpha-reductase type I was positive in most glandular epithelial cells. The staining was positive in the cytoplasm but not in the nuclei. No fibro-muscular cells were stained. In contrast, CMA produced marked atrophy of the glandular epithelium. The interacinar fibro-muscular stroma was prominent. Furthermore, immunostaining of nuclear AR of both epithelial and stroma cells was remarkably decreased. The intensity of staining for 5alpha-reductase type I in most glandular epithelial cells also decreased. Interestingly, some basal cells exhibited positive staining for 5alpha-reductase type I. These results indicate that the uptake of testosterone and/or its androgenic effect on the prostate may be suppressed by CMA. We further speculate that the basal cells produce sufficient dihydrotestosterone to maintain themselves even in the presence of low testosterone levels.

Androgen Antagonists↗

PubMed1999

[Treatment of stress incontinence by percutaneous bladder neck stabilization (Vesica)].

We experienced 9 cases of percutaneous bladder neck stabilization (Vesica) for patients with urinary incontinence who were diagnosed with stress incontinence from December 1995 to June 1998. None of the patients were able to control continence with any drugs. Chain cystography was performed on all of the patients before and after surgery. The posterior urethro-vesical angle before surgery was over 130 degrees in all of the patients, and it improved after the operation. Moreover, the mean volume of the pad test greatly decreased from 47 g to 1 g. All of the patients were treated with epidural anesthesia. The operation time was less than 60 minutes. The subjective and objective findings were satisfactory. We conclude that percutaneous bladder neck stabilization is a very useful surgical treatment for stress incontinence.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Washington State Gunshot-Wound Surveillance System.

CONTEXT: Gunshot is the second leading mechanism of injury death in Washington State, but data on nonfatal gun-related injuries are limited. OBJECTIVE: Develop and evaluate a system for surveillance of fatal and nonfatal gunshot injuries. DESIGN: A gunshot wound surveillance system was pilot-tested. Reports from emergency departments were compared with emergency department logs and reports from medical examiners and coroners were compared with death certificates. SETTING: Six Washington counties, with 57% of the state's population. PARTICIPANTS: Hospital emergency departments, coroners, medical examiners, and local law enforcement agencies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surveillance system simplicity, acceptability, sensitivity, and predictive value positive. RESULTS: The pilot system was found to be simple and acceptable to data providers. The predictive value positive was 99% for reports from hospital emergency departments and 100% for reports from medical examiners and coroners. The sensitivity of hospital emergency department reporting was 76%; the sensitivity of reporting by medical examiners and coroners was 81%. CONCLUSIONS: States interested in developing gunshot-wound surveillance systems should: (1) verify the existence of a statewide gunshot-wound reporting requirement, (2) consider establishing such a requirement if one does not exist, (3) include hospital emergency departments as a data source, (4) establish the capacity to link records if multiple data sources are used, (5) limit the data reporting requirements to fit on a one-page form, preferably one-side only, (6) periodically review the data and the reporting practices of data providers, and be prepared to make changes if things are not working as planned, and (7) disseminate surveillance data and system evaluation findings on a regular basis.

Cause of Death↗

PubMed1998

Firearm-related injury surveillance. An overview of progress and the challenges ahead.

Firearm-related injuries pose a serious public health problem in the United States and are increasingly the focus of public health concern. Despite the magnitude of this problem, ongoing and systematic collection of data on firearm-related injuries to help guide research and policy development has been lacking. The further development of firearm-related injury surveillance systems can provide an objective source of information for policy. Beginning in the mid-1980s, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control began to support the development of firearm-related injury surveillance systems by augmenting existing national- and state-level data collection systems and establishing cooperative agreements with state and local health departments to identify optimal firearm-related injury surveillance practices. Some progress has been made in improving the capacity to undertake firearm injury surveillance at national, state, and local levels for mortality, morbidity (including disability), and risk/protective factors, but much work remains to be done. The development of state and local firearm-related injury surveillance systems provides the clearest potential for linking basic information on firearm-related injuries to action, given the critical role that states have in both public health surveillance and regulation of firearms. Broader application of external cause-of-injury codes, increased standardization and validation of definitions and data-collection instruments, improved methods for identifying firearm characteristics and types, and the identification of efficient techniques for linking health and criminal justice data sources are among the key challenges we face as we try to build a more uniform system for monitoring firearm-related injuries in the United States.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗

PubMed1998

First report of Trichosporon ovoides isolated from the home of a summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis patient.

Trichosporon species have been known to cause summer-type hypersensitivity pneumonitis (SHP). During the isolation of yeasts from an SHP patient's house, we recovered a strain belonging to the genus Trichosporon. Morphologically, the isolate produced rectangular arthroconidia when grown on corn meal agar. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments identified the isolate as T. ovoides. A slide agglutination test using specific factor sera demonstrated that the serotype of the strain was type II. Previously, T. asahii, a serotype II species, was considered to be the major antigen of SHP, but it is possible that T. ovoides may also be responsible for SHP. This is the first report of T. ovoides isolated from an SHP patient's home environment.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Antiproliferative constituents in umbelliferae plants. III. Constituents in the root and the ground part of Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm.

The MeOH extract of the root and the ground part of Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm. showed a high inhibitory activity against MK-1, HeLa, and B16F10 cell growth in vitro. The activity was found only in the CHCI3-soluble fractions. From the CHCI3-soluble fraction of the root, falcarindiol, 1-(3'-methoxy-4',5'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1 xi-methoxy-2-propene, elemicin, and nemerosin were newly isolated in addition to deoxypodophyllotoxin (anthricin), anthriscusin, (-)-deoxypodorhizone, and anthriscinol methyl ether which were reported earlier as constituents of the root of this plant. From the CHCI3-soluble fraction of the ground part, deoxypodophyllotoxin, (-)-deoxypodorhizone, nemerosin, and falcarindiol were isolated. In vitro antiproliferative activities of the isolates against MK-1, HeLa, and B16F10 cells are reported.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗

PubMed1998

Antiproliferative constituents in umbelliferae plants. IV. Constituents in the fruits of Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm.

The constituents in the fruit of Anthriscus sylvestris Hoffm. were investigated, and four lignans [deoxypodophyllotoxin, morelensin, (-)-deoxypodorhizone, and (-)-hinokinin], one phenylpropanoid [1-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-1 xi-hydroxy-2-propene], two phenylpropanoid esters [3',4'-dimethoxycinnamyl (Z)-2-angeloyloxymethyl-2-butenoate and 3',4'-dimethoxycinnamyl (Z)-2-tigloyloxymethyl-2-butenoate], and one polyacetylenic compound (falcarindiol) were isolated. Their antiproliferative activity against MK-1, HeLa and B16F10 cell lines is reported.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗

PubMed1998

Immunolocalization of androgen receptor in canine prostatic hyperplasia--effect of antiandrogen.

The effect of a synthetic steroidal anti-androgen, chlormadinone acetate (CMA), on spontaneous benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the dog was investigated. Old male beagle dogs (5 to 8 years old) were divided into the following experimental groups: group 1 consisting of BPH controls, and group 2 which received CMA of 0.3 mg/kg/day orally for 6 months. In group 1, glandular hyperplasia of the prostate was clearly observed. The glandular epithelial cells showed uniformly intense nuclear immunostaining for androgen receptor (AR). In contrast, CMA produced marked atrophy of the glandular epithelium. The interacinar fibromuscular stroma was prominent. Furthermore, nuclear immunostaining for AR in both epithelial and stroma cells was remarkably decreased. These results indicate that the uptake of testosterone and/or its androgenic effect on the prostate may be suppressed by CMA. The decreased AR-immunostaining may be explained by the decrease in the number of AR and/or antibody binding sites for AR.

Androgen Antagonists↗

PubMed1998

Ultrastructural study in canine prostatic hyperplasia--effect of antiandrogen.

Ultrastructural changes in canine prostates after treatment with chlormadinone acetate (CMA) were investigated. Old male beagle dogs (5-8 years old ) were divided into two experimental groups; group 1 consisted of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) controls, and group 2 received 0.3 mg/kg/day CMA orally for 6 months. In group 1 animals, the most striking ultrastructural changes were detected in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and Golgi complexes. The secretory granules were lined up along the apical plasma membrane, and exocytosis was frequently seen. In group 2 animals, the cytoplasm was electron-lucent and contained relatively few, poorly developed organelles. The rER was sparse and consisted of a few scattered, short profiles studded with ribosomes. The Golgi complexes were inconspicuous. The secretory granules were markedly decreased in both number and size. Furthermore, mitochondrial degeneration such as swollen or disappeared mitochondrial cristae or decreased electron density of the matrix were frequently seen in the smooth muscle cells. Based on our data, atrophy after treatment with CMA may be due to shrinkage of both glandular and stromal compartments in the prostate tissue.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

[The relationship between the production of interleukin-6 and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in renal cell carcinoma].

The relationship between the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) determined by immunohistochemical staining using the PC10 clone, and the preoperative serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) value determined by ELISA was examined. The secretion of IL-6 in RCC was also examined immunohistochemically using an anti-IL-6 antibody. The PCNA labeling rate was significantly higher in grade 3 tumors than in grade 1 tumors (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences between the other grades or TNM stages. No significant correlation was obtained between the serum level of IL-6 or the positive cell rate of IL-6 and the pathological grade of the RCC. A correlation was observed between the PCNA labeling rate and positive cell rate, and between the serum IL-6 value and CRP or ESR. In conclusion, the secretion of IL-6 was detected in RCC tissue, and was suggested to be a tumor factor responsible for the growth and spread of RCC. The serum IL-6 value is considered to reflect the total secretion of IL-6 produced by the RCC and accessory cells, i.e., monocyte-macrophage lineage cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Combined use of detachable coil against persistent mechanical hemolysis after transcatheter occlusion using Rashkind umbrella device in adult patient with patent ductus arteriosus.

Mechanical hemolysis after transcatheter occlusion of the patent ductus arteriosus using the Rashkind umbrella device has been postulated as a rare, but serious complication, even necessitating surgical repair. A rare, case of an adult patient with massive hemolytic anemia, successfully controlled by the combined use of several detachable coil devices is reported. The use of coil devices might be considered as a therapeutic option in such cases.

Anemia, Hemolytic↗