Biomedical subjects

R Iizuka

Publications and source records attributed to R Iizuka.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

Tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, biopterin, and neopterin in the brain of anorexia nervosa.

The activities of tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase and contents of biopterin and neopterin were measured for the first time in various regions of human brain from a patient with anorexia nervosa (AN). In AN as compared with controls, tyrosine hydroxylase activity was markedly reduced in all brain regions analyzed, while tryptophan hydroxylase activity and biopterin content had a tendency to increase. Neopterin content did not change dramatically. The opposite changes of tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase suggest an imbalance between the activity of catecholaminergic neurons and that of serotonergic neurons, and may be related to pathogenesis of AN.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Differences in lectin binding patterns of normal endometrium and endometrial adenocarcinoma, with special reference to staining with Ulex europeus agglutinin 1 and peanut agglutinin.

Differences in glycoconjugate composition between proliferative endometrium and endometrial adenocarcinoma were investigated by histochemical techniques using seven different lectins as probes. For light microscopy, the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method was used. Concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) stained almost all glandular cells in both proliferative (normal) and malignant endometria. Ulex europeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) strongly stained cancer cells, especially well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, but it scarcely stained normal endometrium. Peanut agglutinin (PNA) binding sites were observed only along the apical surface of normal endometrial glands, while the cytoplasm of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells was often positive for PNA. Soybean agglutinin (SBA) faintly reacted with proliferative endometrium and occasionally with malignant cells. Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) slightly stained proliferative and malignant endometria. By electron microscopic examinations using horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled lectins, we observed that UEA-1, PNA, and Con A stained the Golgi membranes and plasma membrane of carcinoma cells. In addition, the Con A reaction was positive in the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope. These results revealed the differences in oligosaccharide chains between normal and malignant endometria, suggesting that UEA-1 and PNA, in particular, may be useful indicators of malignancy of the endometrium.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1990

In vitro and in vivo induction of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) in a uterine cervical cancer cell line (SKG-IIIa) with peplomycin and sodium butyrate.

In order to investigate the effect of an antisquamous cell carcinoma drug, peplomycin, the new analogue of bleomycin, on the production of a squamous cell carcinoma-associated tumor marker termed "SCC" (or TA-4), we carried out in vitro and in vivo experiments using the uterine cervical epidermoid cancer cell line SKG-IIIa, together with the investigation of the effect of sodium butyrate which was reported to be one of the representative gene modulators. In vitro production of SCC was biochemically and immunocytochemically confirmed in SKG-IIIa cells. Immunocytochemistry using anti-SCC antibody revealed that the total number of SCC-positive cells increased after the treatment with peplomycin (1.6 fold) or sodium butyrate (1.5 fold). The total amount of SCC in cultured medium, intracellular SCC, and cell debris during 5 days of culturation also increased with peplomycin (1.8 fold) and sodium butyrate (1.4 fold). These data strongly suggest that SCC production of SKG-IIIa cells is stimulated by peplomycin and sodium butyrate in vitro. In vivo experiments were also performed by administering peplomycin to nude rats with heterotransplanted tumors of SKG-IIIa, and transient elevations of serum SCC level (113% to 238% of the initial values) were observed, suggesting that SCC production of cancer cells is also stimulated by peplomycin in vivo.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

The role of inhibin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Human follicular fluids from normal women and from women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were collected at various stages of the menstrual cycle, and inhibin and steroid contents were determined by rat anterior pituitary cell monolayer bioassay system and specific RIAs, respectively. Inhibin contents in viable follicles were significantly higher than those in atretic and in cystic follicles. Preovulatory and luteal phase follicles had lower inhibin levels than viable follicles in normal women. A significant inverse correlation was found between inhibin contents and androstenedione to estrogen ratios. The inhibin contents in PCOS follicles were not significantly different from those of viable follicles of normal women at the early follicular phase, but they were significantly higher than in atretic follicles. Since PCOS ovaries often contain more antral follicles than normal ovaries, it could be that this potential source of inhibin may be greater than in normal ovaries. Furthermore, 9 out of 10 follicles in any ovary of normal women are atretic and contribute less inhibin production, whereas PCOS ovaries contain many follicles capable of secreting considerable amounts of inhibin. Therefore, PCOS ovaries totally may secrete more inhibin than normal ovaries. This higher potency of PCOS ovaries to secrete inhibin along with higher serum estrogen levels may be responsible for the disparity between basal LH and FSH levels in PCOS.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

The role of protein kinase C in LH release.

To investigate the postreceptor mechanism, especially the role of protein kinase C (C-kinase), in luteinizing hormone (LH) release from anterior pituitary cells, dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells were stimulated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), [D-Ser(tBu)]6 des-Gly-NH2(10) ethylamide (Buserelin), 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and trifluoperazine (TFP) and the LH released into the medium was determined by radioimmunoassay. LH released by combined stimulation with TPA and either LH-RH or Buserelin was significantly less than that released by LH-RH or Buserelin alone (LH-RH: p less than 0.05; Buserelin: p less than 0.01). It is thought that this paradoxical phenomenon occurred due to desensitization accompanied by down-regulation of LH-RH receptors induced by TPA. This hypothesis was supported by the finding indicating that the binding capacity of LH-RH receptors decreased in a time-course manner during incubation with TPA. The amount of LH released by combined stimulation with TPA and TFP was significantly greater than with TPA alone (P less than 0.01). This suggests that TFP has dual actions, i.e., facilitating and inhibiting LH release.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Cryogenic preservation of low-quality human semen.

The article describes the technical strategies for clinical cryogenic preservation of low-quality human semen. To compensate for sperm dilution resulting from the use of a cryogenic medium, ejaculated semen was concentrated before freezing by means of continuous-step density gradient centrifugation. Freezing was simplified by employing the carbon dioxide pellet method with KS-II cryogenic medium, which contains Pluronic F-68, a nonionic detergent, to solubilize egg yolk (a major cryogenic protectant). Semen of less than 50% motility (n = 23) was processed and then cryogenically preserved. Sperm concentration was increased by a factor of 1.8 +/- 0.96 (n = 23). Sperm motility was improved from 35.9% +/- 13.9% to 69.4% +/- 10.8%. Even after thawing 59.4% +/- 17.5% motility remained, with a mean survival rate of 85% +/- 14%. The concentration of sperm and improved sperm motility by the use of the continuous-step density gradient and the high survival rate ensured by the carbon dioxide pellet method with KS-II cryogenic medium compensated for the lowering of sperm quality during cryogenic preservation.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗

PubMed1990

Improved semen qualities after continuous-step density gradient centrifugation: application to artificial insemination and pregnancy outcome.

For increasing sperm fertilizability in artificial insemination, it is effective to concentrate progressively motile sperm from whole ejaculate. We developed the continuous-step density gradient for the selective concentration of progressively motile sperm. The present procedure was applied to intrauterine artificial insemination. Infertile couples (n = 152) whose diagnoses involved oligoasthenospermia, cervical factor, and unexplained infertility were selected for artificial insemination with washed and concentrated sperm. Successful pregnancies (47) were obtained, with an overall pregnancy rate of 31% in the program. Sperm processing by this procedure improved pregnancy rates in couples with the sole diagnosis of oligoasthenospermia or cervical factor. In the patients in whom other fertility problems coexisted, however, it was essential to treat female fertility problems. Continuous-step density gradient centrifugation is effective in increasing the pregnancy rate in artificial insemination.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗

PubMed1990

[Biological properties of two newly established cell lines (RMUG-S, RMUG-L) from a human ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma].

Two morphological different cell lines (RMUG-S and RMUG-L) have been established from a human ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. CA-125 and CEA were demonstrated in the patient's serum. PAS, Alcian blue and mucicarmine positive substances were observed in the original tumor and two cultured cells. The modal chromosomal numbers of RMUG-S and RMUG-L were stable in the hypodiploid and hyper-triploid ranges, respectively. Radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical staining revealed that RMUG-S and RMUG-L mainly produced CA-125 and CEA, respectively. In CBA nude mouse, RMUG-S and RMUG-L cells mainly produced poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma, but in mucinous cystadenocarcinoma was detected in part of the RMUG-L tumor.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Establishment and characterization of a human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) producing cell line (RTSG) from an ovarian epithelial cancer].

A new cell line designated RTSG established in vitro from the pleural effusion of a patient with metastatic ovarian epithelial cancer has been subcultured 46 times for more than 2 years. The cells grew in a monolayered sheet, showing a tendency to pile up, with the population doubling in 48 hrs. Electron-microscopically, desmosomes were characteristically observed, suggesting the cells were of epithelial origin. Chromosomal analysis revealed aneuploidy with a tetraploid mode. The heterotransplanted tumors in nude mice were histopathologically classified as a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, whereas the original tumor consisted mainly of mucinous and serous cystadenocarcinoma and only partly of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The cells secreted hCG (38.8 mIU/day/10(6) cells) and beta-hCG (6.1 ng/day/10(6) cells) in spent medium. Immunocytologic +-and-histochemical staining for tumor markers of the original tumor, the cultured cells and the transplanted tumors also revealed the localization of not only hCG and beta-hCG but also CA19-9 and CA-125 whose values had been elevated in the preoperative serum (hCG: 10 mIU/ml, CA19-9: 6,400 U/ml, CA-125: 225 U/ml). Results of PAS, Alcian-blue and Mucicarmine strains indicated that most of the PAS-positive substances in the cultured cells and the transplanted tumors were consistent with glycogen while the original tumor mainly contained mucin except for the lesion of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with glycogen. These results suggested that the cultured cells might originate from poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells in the original tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1990

[Endocrinological analysis of climacteric symptoms and gonadal dysfunction by CRF test].

Endocrinological studies on stressed climacteric women and some cases of gonadal dysfunction were carried out by analysing blood levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), beta-lipotropin (beta-LPH) and beta-endorphin (beta-EP) after the administration of synthetic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF, CRF test). Our results can be summarized as follows: 1. The responsiveness to CRF in perimenopausal and ovariectomized women rose and it corresponded with those of post gonadectomy in testicular feminization. 2. Responsiveness to CRF was decreased as estrogen levels decreased with the patient's age, and a similar tendency was observed in gonadal dysfunction. 3. Climacteric women with non-specific complaints have a higher responsiveness to CRF than that of postmenopausal women without complaints. Subjects with a high K.I score and with severe hot flush showed higher responsiveness to CRF than other subjects. These data suggest that CRF and its related hormones may be correlative with stress and hot flushes in climacteric periods and endogenous CRF may play an important psychosomatic role by regulating the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function where there is decreased estrogen.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗

PubMed1990

[Effect of danazol on bone mineral content and bone metabolism in patients with endometriosis].

Danazol, which is commonly employed in the treatment of endometriosis creates a low estrogen and high androgen condition by suppressing ovarian steroidogenesis. When a reproductive-aged woman suddenly develops low estrogen, even if it is reversible, it is possible that it can have some effect on her bone mineral content and there is the danger that this might constitute a risk factor in the development of postmenopausal bone metabolism. In 12 cases of endometriosis (average age 42.2) 400 mg/day Danazol was given for 4 months to determine if a low estrogen and high androgen condition actually continued. The effect on the bone metabolism which provides a background to metacarpal bone mineral content was also examined in comparison with before and after seven months' administration. As a result, after Danazol administration, estradiol showed a tendency to decrease and dehydroepiandrosterone showed a tendency to increase although no significant change in the estrogen and androgen level was recognized. There was also no change on the bone mineral content and there was no significant change in bone metabolism, calcitonin excepted. Therefore, from the results of calcitonin evaluation, 400mg/day Danazol administered for 4 months does not seem to be absorbed by bone and at least appears not to have any significance as a bone metabolism risk factor.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Bone mineral loss due to premenopausal oophorectomy assessed by dual photon absorptiometry].

Although it has been reported that bone mineral loss due to oophorectomy (OPX) occurs mainly in the axial bone, especially in the trabecular bone, there have been no reports on the use of this method for simultaneous total body calcium measurement. Furthermore, the occurrence of bone mineral loss in regional bone mineral density (BMD) after OPX has not been clarified. We investigated whether there is a decrease in regional BMD after OPX, and whether there are regional differences in bone mineral loss following OPX. The BMD was measured by dual photon absorptiometry in 21 premenopausal oophorectomized subjects (mean age: 46.8 +/- 4.0 yr, mean duration after OPX: 48.0 +/- 40.0 months) and 19 age- and body size-matched females. In OPX subjects, the spinal BMD was significantly lower (corresponding to 87.0 +/- 2.4% of control) than those of the cranium, arms and legs (92.1 +/- 2.6, 97.2 +/- 1.2, 95.4 +/- 1.6% respectively). Furthermore the oophorectomized subjects were divided into three groups according to duration after OPX as follows; within 1 (n = 7), 2-5 (n = 7) and over 6 years (n = 7). The spinal BMD had already tended to decrease in the within 1 year group and significantly decreased in the over-6-year group. On the other hand, there were no differences in the within 1 year group in arm and leg BMD compared with the control. However, in the over-6-year group they were significantly decreased. These results suggest that bone mineral loss in oophorectomized subjects occurs mainly in spinal bone, and the degree of bone mineral loss might be different in regional bone.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed1989

Human monoclonal antibody (HMST-1) against lacto-series type 1 chain and expression of the chain in uterine endometrial cancers.

A human monoclonal antibody termed HMST-1 was produced by fusing lymphocytes from segments of human pelvic lymph nodes from an endometrial cancer patient with murine myeloma cells. The epitope recognized by HMST-1 was determined to be lacto-series type 1 chain-containing glycosphingolipid (Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer) by isolating the antigen from endometrial cancer cell line SNG-II and analyzing with fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, permethylation analysis, and exoglycosidase treatment. By the immunohistochemical avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method, no normal endometrium and benign endometrial hyperplasia were stained with HMST-1, but HMST-1 reacted with about 35% of endometrial cancer cases. These facts indicate that the rate of expression of the antigen increases along with the course of malignancy in the endometrium. By sialidase treatment of the section, the positive rate increased to 57% in endometrial cancers and to 13% in normal endometrium, indicating that the antigen was masked with sialic acid and exposed by neuraminidase treatment. Immunohistochemistry also revealed that the antibody reacted with human fetal alimentary tract epithelium and mesothelium, indicating the oncodevelopmental nature of Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1989

Calbindin-immunoreactive cholinergic neurones in the nucleus basalis of Meynert in Alzheimer-type dementia.

An antibody to the calcium binding protein, calbindin D28K (CaBP), was used to study the number and size of CaBP-immunoreactive neurones in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) of postmortem human brains from neurologically normal controls and from patients with neuropathologically diagnosed Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD). In controls, almost all the large neurones and their processes in the nbM were CaBP immunoreactive. Compared to neurologically normal controls the number of CaBP-immunoreactive neurones in the nbM in patients dying with ATD was significantly reduced and there was a clear loss of the majority of CaBP immunoreactive neurones. The few remaining nbM CaBP immunoreactive neurones in the ATD cases were smaller than those in the neurologically normal controls. Double-staining experiments revealed that many of the nbM CaBP-immunoreactive neurones contained choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity, so that CaBP is an alternative marker for the nbM cholinergic neurones in the human fore-brain. These findings suggest that a disturbance in calcium homeostasis may be a possible factor contributing to the loss of these cholinergic/CaBP-containing neurones.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

A study of non-isotopic in situ hybridization histochemistry on postmortem changes in vasopressin mRNA in rat brain.

Rat models which stimulated various postmortem conditions were used to determine postmortem changes in the vasopressin mRNA content of the brain. In situ hybridization histochemistry experiments using biotinylated oligonucleotide probes revealed that vasopressin mRNA could be detected in the rat hypothalamic nuclei, even though the rats had been killed and left for 8 h postmortem at room temperature and the brains were then fixed by immersion in 4% paraformaldehyde instead of by transcardial perfusion. However, these signals were greatly reduced in the nuclei if the brains were removed after a 24-h delay. These results suggest that gene expression study of neuropeptides at the cellular level can be performed on postmortem human brains after a short postmortem delay.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Tumor-associated mucin-type glycoprotein (CA54/61) defined by two monoclonal antibodies (MA54 and MA61) in ovarian cancers.

Two monoclonal antibodies, MA54 and MA61, were established by immunizing with culture medium supernatants of a lung adenocarcinoma cell line, and a double-determinant sandwich enzyme immunoassay system was developed by using these two monoclonal antibodies. The antigen recognized by this assay (CA54/61) was found to be often high in the sera of several cancers. The antigen recognized by MA54 (CA54) or MA61 (CA61) proved to be carbohydrate chain on a high molecular weight mucin-type glycoprotein, and CA54 has NeuAc alpha 2-6galactose in the terminal residue. CA54/61 was frequently found in the sera of ovarian cancer patients, the positive rate being 67, 64, 40, and 78% in serous, mucinous, endometrioid, and mesonephroid cancers, respectively, when the cut off value was set at mean + 4 SD. Since the positive rate of CA125, which is now the most widely used for the diagnosis of ovarian cancers, is rather low (approximately less than 50%) in mucinous cystoadenocarcinoma, CA54/61 will be of clinical value. In addition, CA61 was detected immunohistochemically in the fetal red blood cells with nuclei, indicating its oncodevelopmental character in nature.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1989

The mechanism of placental alkaline phosphatase induction in vitro.

The mechanism of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) induction by prednisolone in a uterine cervical epidermoid cancer cell line SKG-IIIa was investigated in vitro by enzyme-cytochemistry, enzyme immunoassay, Northern and Southern blot analysis, and in situ hybridization. Enzyme-cytochemical alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and immunoassay revealed increased levels of PLAP (heat-stable ALP) in prednisolone-treated cells. Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization showed increased amounts of PLAP mRNA. Southern blot analysis indicated that PLAP was not a product of an amplified or rearranged gene. These findings suggest that the induction of PLAP mRNA in SKG-IIIa cells by prednisolone in turn increased the levels of PLAP.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗

PubMed1989

Differences in lectin binding patterns of normal human endometrium between proliferative and secretory phases.

Lectin binding patterns in normal human endometrium were examined by light and electron microscopy using seven different lectins (ConA, WGA, RCA, PNA, UEA-1, DBA, and SBA). For light microscopic observations, criteria based on the incidence and intensity of cells positive for the lectin staining were adopted to evaluate the different staining patterns of the proliferative and secretory endometria obtained by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) technique. At the light microscopic level, ConA, WGA, and RCA stained endometrial glandular cells in both phases. The number of PNA-positive cells with the binding sites entirely limited to the apical surface tended to be reduced slightly in the secretory phase. UEA-1 weakly stained the apical surface of glandular cells in the proliferative phase but not in the secretory phase. Among the lectins used in this study, DBA and SBA displayed remarkable changes between the phases. That is, in the proliferative phase they produced only a faint or slight positive stain at the apical surface, but the incidence and intensity of DBA- and the SBA-positive glandular cells increased in the secretory phase. By electron microscopy, the reaction product of ConA was observed in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope, and the Golgi apparatus, and the binding sites of RCA and DBA were observed in the plasma and Golgi membranes. Between both phases, the reactivity of ConA and RCA showed almost no change. However, the secretory endometrial cells containing the DBA-positive Golgi apparatus were markedly increased in number compared with the proliferative ones bearing the lectin-positive organelles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗