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Biomedical subjects

R Hunter

Publications and source records attributed to R Hunter.

171 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Sulpiride treatment of acute mania with a comparison of the effects on plasma hormone concentrations of lithium and sulpiride treatment.

Sulpiride, in this open study of acute manic patients, had a clear antimanic action with all eight patients responding to sulpiride treatment without the need for other antipsychotic drugs. Plasma prolactin concentrations were increased and oestrogen-stimulated neurophysin concentrations decreased by sulpiride but were unchanged by lithium treatment, whereas TSH concentrations showed a rapid increase following the introduction of lithium therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

123Iodo-MK-801: a spect agent for imaging the pattern and extent of glutamate (NMDA) receptor activation in Alzheimer's disease.

Glutamate, and the NMDA glutamate receptor, may be involved in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Reductions in NMDA receptors are found in AD, possibly contributing to memory deficits. However the NMDA receptor is involved in excitotoxicity, which may play a role in cell death and the production of neurofibrillary tangles in AD; although with lower levels of glutamate than occur in cerebral ischaemia. Therefore reductions in the NMDA receptor may worsen memory deficit in AD, but increased stimulation of the receptor may contribute to the progress of the disease. MK-801 has been used to image excessive glutamate activation following ischaemia in rats. However, it is unclear how effective MK-801 is in conditions with lower levels of glutamate release. This study attempts to gain insight into the utility of the tracer in these conditions, exploring glutamatergic mechanisms in AD. It describes the retention and elimination of 123iodo-MK-801 in five AD and five control subjects, comparing this to regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The initial uptake of 123I-MK-801 is dominated by delivery of the ligand. However, despite significant reductions in rCBF in the AD patients, there is no significant difference in the uptake of 123I-MK-801. This suggests increased retention of 123I-MK-801 in the AD patients. In addition the washout of 123I-MK-801 was less in the AD patients, again suggesting increased retention, although this only reached significance in one region. Theses data hint at possible increases in NMDA activation in AD but ultimately 123I-MK-801 does not provide a sufficiently accurate measurement to demonstrate this conclusively. Further NMDA ligands are now at a late stage of development and may provide more conclusive answers to the role of glutamate in AD.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemiparkinsonism with infarction of the ipsilateral substantia nigra.

An elderly man suffering from dementia associated with hypertension developed right-sided parkinsonism marked by rigidity and flexion. At autopsy the brain showed generalized vascular changes chiefly in the white matter, diffuse plaque and neurofibrillary tangle formation in the temporal cortex, and a discrete gliotic scar in the right substantia nigra. Hemiparkinsonism with a strictly unilateral lesion confined to the substantia nigra has, to our knowledge, not been described before, and the fact that it was ipsilateral adds to its theoretical interest.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic EMG analysis of anterior cruciate deficient legs with and without bracing during cutting.

The purpose of this research was to determine if bracing altered muscle firing amplitude, duration, or timing, creating improved dynamic stability. We hypothesized that a derotational knee brace improved the stability of an ACL deficient knee by augmenting limb proprioception, causing hamstring muscles to increase in activity and/or to contract earlier during a side-step cut. Ten subjects with documented unilateral isolated ACL deficient knees and five normal controls participated. A strap dominant brace (Lenox Hill, Lenox Hill Brace, Inc., Long Island City, NY) and a shell dominant brace (CTi, Innovation Sports, Irvine, CA) were selected for study. Using footswitches and dynamic EMG, we tested each subject during performance of a side-step cutting maneuver. Subjects completed 15 trials: 5 without bracing, 5 with the strap dominant brace, and 5 with the shell dominant brace. Normals cut 10 times each on their dominant limb. In swing phase, subjects had 38% more and 32% higher lateral hamstring EMG activity than normals; in stance phase, subjects had less quadriceps and gastrocnemius activity but more medial hamstring activity. When braced during stance phase, the ACL deficient legs demonstrated a further reduction of 18% in quadriceps total activity and 14% in peak activity compared to the unbraced situation. The hamstrings showed a concomitant decrease of 18% in total activity. No timing differences were noted between the braced and unbraced conditions during swing or stance phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Meniscal injuries associated with acute anterior cruciate ligament tears in alpine skiers.

We reviewed the records of 315 patients receiving an arthroscopically assisted stabilizing procedure for an acute anterior cruciate ligament injury incurred while alpine skiing to evaluate associated meniscal injuries. Meniscal injuries were classified by type, location, and treatment of the tear. Of the 317 knees operated on, all demonstrated an anterior cruciate ligament tear at arthroscopy. Ninety-eight percent of the injuries (310) were diagnosed within 3 days of injury, and 97% (307) were reconstructed within 28 days of injury. All tears occurred in the intrasubstance of the ligament; 32% were isolated injuries and 68% were combined with other injuries. In 159 patients with 170 meniscal tears 141 of the tears (83%) were lateral and 29 (17%) were medial. The injury triad of anterior cruciate ligament-medial collateral ligament-lateral meniscus was seen nine times as often as the anterior cruciate ligament-medial collateral ligament-medial mensicus combination.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dangerous drugs.

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Adolescent↗