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Biomedical subjects

R Hughes

Publications and source records attributed to R Hughes.

234 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

Retardation of protein synthesis in rat foetal liver on inhibiting rate of histamine formation.

1. The rate of protein synthesis, as gauged by the incorporation of [(14)C]leucine, has been determined in vitro in foetal and 5-day-old rat liver, tissues with respectively high and low histidine decarboxylase activity.2. Incorporation of [(14)C]leucine was considerably faster in foetal liver than in liver of the young.3. Following inhibition of histamine formation by alpha-methyl histidine, a specific inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase, the rate of incorporation of [(14)C]leucine was substantially diminished in foetal but not in liver of the young.4. The retarded incorporation of [(14)C]leucine consequent on inhibition of endogenous histamine formation could not be restored by extracellular histamine, i.e. by adding histamine to foetal liver tissue.5. On complete inhibition of protein synthesis by puromycin in foetal and 5-day-old rat liver the rate of histamine formation was not affected.6. The present observations support the view of endogenous histamine formation, ;nascent histamine', as an essential part of the metabolic machinery in some rapidly growing tissues.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in acid precipitation-related water chemistry of lakes from southwestern New Brunswick, Canada, 1986-2001.

Between 1986 and 2001, thirty-nine lakes in southwestern New Brunswick in Atlantic Canada were surveyed for acid precipitation-related water quality changes. Most of the study lakes are located on granite bedrock and represent the most acid sensitive lakes in the province. Between 1987 and 1992, hydrogen ion deposition to the lake study area averaged 452 eq ha(-1) yr(-1), compared to 338 eq ha(-1) yr(-1) between 1993 and 2000, a 25% reduction. The lake chemistry data were evaluated by dividing the lakes into four clusters for each survey year based on their acid neutralizing capacity. Twenty percent of the lakes (cluster IV) had an average ANC of 40 microeq L(-1) or greater and maintained an average pH of greater than 6 over the duration of the study period. A pH of 6 or greater is considered a healthy benchmark for maintaining biodiversity. The remaining 31 lakes (clusters I to III) had an average ANC of less than 40 microeq L(-1) and maintained an average pH of less than 6. Other lake chemistry changes included a general decline in lake sulphate and colour over the duration of the survey period, followed by more recent improvements in calcium ion, pH and ANC, and notably higher but declining aluminum levels in lower ANC and pH lakes. Nitrate accounted for 37% of the acid deposition to the study area, however it was not detectable in the lakes. Although acid deposition has declined and these lakes are beginning to show signs of acid recovery, 80% of the study lakes remain acid sensitive having little buffering capacity with low calcium, pH and ANC.

Acid Rain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Feasibility study of IL-11 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor after myelosuppressive chemotherapy to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells from heavily pretreated patients.

PURPOSE: Pediatric patients with solid tumors treated with prolonged dose-intensive chemoradiotherapy are poor mobilizers of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC). We have conducted a pilot study to mobilize PBSC in eight pediatric patients with relapsed solid tumors using ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide (ICE) followed-up by IL-11 plus granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients received ifosfamide 1.8 g/m2 per day for 5 days, carboplatin 400 mg/m2 per day for 2 days, and etoposide 100 mg/m2 per day for 5 days. After completion of ICE chemotherapy, patients received daily subcutaneous injections of G-CSF (5 microg/kg per day) and IL-11 (50-100 microg/kg per day) until peripheral stem cell apheresis. RESULTS: The median age was 11 years. Diagnosis included three relapsed Hodgkin disease, three relapsed central nervous system tumors, one relapsed Wilms tumor, and one relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma. The median number of apheresis procedures required to obtain 5 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg was one. The mean +/- standard error of mean (SEM) total CD34+ cells collected was 14.0+/-2.7 x 10(6)/kg. The mean +/- SEM total CD34+/CD41+ cells collected was 4.6+/-1.9 x 10(6)/kg. Seven of the eight patients have subsequently undergone myeloablative chemotherapy with autologous PBSC transplantation and have reconstituted hematopoiesis with a median time to neutrophil recovery of 10 days and platelet recovery of 15.5 days. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the regimen of ICE/IL-11 plus G-CSF is successful in mobilizing large numbers of CD34+ PBSC cells with a limited number (one) of apheresis collections in patients that have previously been heavily pretreated with chemotherapy/radiotherapy.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Carotid sinus syndrome: new surgical considerations.

1. Direct surgical denervation of the carotid sinus would appear to offer the best long-term results for carotid sinus syncope. 2. Carotid sinus denervation should be done under temporary cardiac pacing for safety and for completeness of denervation. 3. Arteriography is indicated to eliminate those cases of cerebral vascular insufficiency that might mimic carotid sinus syndrome. Credit must be given to Dr. R. Hughes, Clearfield, Pa., who recognized this diagnosis and referred the patient for therapy.

Carotid Artery Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Handwashing: still a neglected practice in the clinical area.

This article is an adaptation of the winning essay in the preregistration section of the National Board for Northern Ireland Research Awards 1996. The authors conducted a literature review of handwashing after discovering during clinical placements that, despite being well documented, handwashing is still not performed as necessary. The aim of handwashing is to remove transient microorganisms and prevent their transfer to susceptible patients. Inadequate training, lack of resources, chapped hands and poor reinforcement were identified by nurses as factors that accounted for poor handwashing. The Code of Professional Conduct states that 'the professional has a duty to promote and safeguard the interests of clients.' It is only a matter of time before major litigation occurs because of poor handwashing practice. It is concluded that all staff (trained and untrained) require regular educational updating to sustain good handwashing practices. Managers are responsible for ensuring the provision of adequate facilities and supplies of handwashing agents for all nurses in all clinical settings.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A practice model for a parent support group.

Parent support groups in acute care settings can provide families of hospitalized children with opportunity to share emotions and concerns related to the crisis experience of hospitalization with others who are experiencing similar situations. The Nugent Model of Family Support combines several concepts of caring, empowerment and family efficacy into a practical framework that clinicians can use in providing and evaluating outcomes of an acute care based parent support program.

Adaptation, Psychological↗