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Biomedical subjects

R Hines

Publications and source records attributed to R Hines.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Demonstration of microsomal oxygenation of the benzo ring of 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene by thin-layer chromatography.

To explain the biological activity of 6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene (6-nitroBaP), male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced with 3-methylcholanthrene. Liver microsomes were incubated with magnesium chloride, an NADPH generating system and 6-nitroBaP in acetone. The mixture was chilled under oxygen-free argon gas and protein was precipitated with an equal volume of cold methanol containing triethylamine. Protein was further precipitated with zinc and sodium sulfate and centrifuged. Both the sediment and the supernatant were extracted with benzene and ethyl acetate. The organic extract was washed with water, 2% sodium hydroxide solution, water and then dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate. Solvents were removed and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel plates with hexane containing increasing amounts of benzene. The UV and mass spectra of products were examined. Liver microsomal metabolites of 6-nitroBaP consisted of 7,8- and 9,10-dihydrodiols and also benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and BaP-quinones. cis-Forms of 6-nitroBaP-7,8- and -9,10-dihydrodiols were synthesized.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacology and biological efficacy of a recombinant, humanized, single-chain antibody C5 complement inhibitor in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces a systemic inflammatory response that causes substantial clinical morbidity. Activation of complement during CPB contributes significantly to this inflammatory process. We examined the capability of a novel therapeutic complement inhibitor to prevent pathological complement activation and tissue injury in patients undergoing CPB. METHODS AND RESULTS: A humanized, recombinant, single-chain antibody specific for human C5, h5G1.1-scFv, was intravenously administered in 1 of 4 doses ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 mg/kg before CPB. h5G1.1-scFv was found to be safe and well tolerated. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a sustained half-life from 7.0 to 14.5 hours. Pharmacodynamic analysis demonstrated significant dose-dependent inhibition of complement hemolytic activity for up to 14 hours at 2 mg/kg. The generation of proinflammatory complement byproducts (sC5b-9) was effectively inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion. Leukocyte activation, as measured by surface expression of CD11b, was reduced (P<0.05) in patients who received 1 and 2 mg/kg. There was a 40% reduction in myocardial injury (creatine kinase-MB release, P=0.05) in patients who received 2 mg/kg. Sequential Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSE) demonstrated an 80% reduction in new cognitive deficits (P<0.05) in patients treated with 2 mg/kg. Finally, there was a 1-U reduction in postoperative blood loss (P<0. 05) in patients who received 1 or 2 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: A single-chain antibody specific for human C5 is a safe and effective inhibitor of pathological complement activation in patients undergoing CPB. In addition to significantly reducing sC5b-9 formation and leukocyte CD11b expression, C5 inhibition significantly attenuates postoperative myocardial injury, cognitive deficits, and blood loss. These data suggest that C5 inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing complement-mediated inflammation and tissue injury.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Successful community-based laboratory services program for long-term care facilities, Part 1.

Hagerstown Medical Laboratory, Inc. (HML) is a regional reference laboratory in Hagerstown, Maryland, that provides laboratory services to more than 50 long-term care facilities (LTCFs, or nursing homes) in Western Maryland and West Virginia. HML also operates the rapid response laboratory at Washington County Hospital and performs house calls for homebound or bedridden patients through its Nursing Home Program (NHP). This article relates HML's successful experience with an outreach program that provides laboratory services to LTCFs.

Community Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Successful community-based laboratory services program for long-term care facilities, Part 2.

Hagerstown Medical Laboratory, Inc., located in Hagerstown, Maryland, has an outreach program that currently provides laboratory services to 52 long-term care facilities. Part 1 of this series, published in the May/June 2001 issue of Clinical Leadership & Management Review, discussed general organization, staffing, and safety issues for their Nursing Home Program. Part 2 relates their experience with contracts, fees, and reimbursement.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Right ventricular function and failure: a review.

The importance of right ventricular (RV) function in maintaining global cardiac performance is the focus of this discussion. The physiological determinants of normal right ventricular function will be discussed, with particular emphasis on the afterload and contractility characteristics of the right ventricle. Numerous clinical conditions have been shown to affect RV performance. These conditions include positive-pressure ventilation, ischemia, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac surgery. Present methods for the perioperative evaluation of RV function include angiography, radionuclide techniques, thermodilution techniques, echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Traditional modalities for the treatment of RV dysfunction consist of pharmacological interventions (i.e., vasodilators and inotropes) and/or mechanical assist devices. Newer pharmacological strategies for the treatment of RV failure and associated pulmonary hypertension include the phosphodiesterase fraction III inhibitors and the prostaglandins, specifically PGE1. In summary, the accurate evaluation of perioperative RV performance combined with new treatment options will ensure maximal preservation of RV performance.

Angiography↗