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R Hildebrand

Publications and source records attributed to R Hildebrand.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Low-energy extracorporeal shock-wave treatment (ESWT) for tendinitis of the supraspinatus. A prospective, randomised study.

We have performed a controlled, randomised study to analyse the effects of low-energy shock-wave therapy (ESWT) on function and pain in tendinitis of the supraspinatus without calcification. There were 20 patients in the treatment group and 20 in the control group. The former group received 6,000 impulses (energy flux density, 0.11 mJ/mm2) in three sessions after local anaesthesia. The control group had 6000 impulses of sham ESWT after local anaesthesia. The patients were examined at six and 12 weeks after treatment by an independent observer who evaluated the Constant score and level of pain. We found an increase in function and a reduction of pain in both groups (p < or = 0.001). Statistical analysis showed no difference between the groups for the Constant score and for pain. We therefore do not recommend ESWT for the treatment of tendinitis of supraspinatus.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Lobular distribution pattern of lactate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase activity in rat liver.

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH) activities were measured in lobular areas expanding between 3 portal tracts and an efferent central vein in the livers of male Wistar rats, using a Lowry technique. The maximum of LDH activity was found in a nearly uniform broad area in the lobular periphery. From that area values decreased along periportal/septal-->perivenous gradients, but only slightly within that area along the periportal-->septal axis of the vascular septum. Maximum values of 6-PGDH activity were present in an intermediate area close to the central vein demonstrating a rather inhomogeneous distribution pattern without a clear definition of zonal limits. Our data on the distribution pattern of LDH are in agreement with the concept of the metabolic lobulus and are supported by a recent evaluation of the vascular architecture in rat liver. The lobular distribution pattern of 6-PGDH cannot be interpreted without doubt in accordance with that concept.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Muscarinic signalling in submandibular salivary acinar cells of ageing rats.

Muscarinic cholinergic stimulation of submandibular acinar cells results in the activation of Ca(2+)-dependent ion-transport pathways responsible for the secretion of primary saliva. Decreased saliva production is common among elderly people and may compromise oral health with implications for systemic health, nutrition, and quality of life. The density and affinity of muscarinic receptors in the submandibular gland of rats and the Ca2+ responses to stimulation of these receptors in the acinar cells were examined. An increase in the number of receptors and increases in the affinities of the receptors were found as the rats age from 7 weeks to 11 months. However, the coupling of the receptors to the intracellular Ca2+ signals in acinar cell clusters was substantially reduced in the older animals.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1996

[Illustration of humans in the anatomy of the Renaissance: Andrea Vesalius' De humani corporis fabrica libri septem, Basel 1543].

The position of Andreas Vesalius and his most influential book De humani corporis fabrica in the history of medicine are reevaluated in the context of renaissance-humanism. Vesalius's conception of the reconstruction of the living body is discussed in the light of the macrocosm-microcosm-correspondance considering equally directed considerations of the humanist and reformator Philipp Melanchthon. In both their no longer ontological but epistemological approach when changing from the deductive to the inductive method, microcosm man is becoming an anthropological concept and thus assumes a new quality: a psychophysical unit with a transcendental dimension. Against this background the great tables of the skeletons and musclemen in the De humani corporis fabrica are studied considering the unity of art and anatomy in the visual media. At that point, however, where the limits of Vesalius's anatomical conception in representing structure and function become manifest, the disruption of this unity eventually occurring in the end of the 18th century is already visible. Where anatomy is taken up in the expression of art, in the cosciousness of his finality the tragic horizon of man expands.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1994

Hip dysplasia in spastic cerebral palsy.

Previous reports have noted a relationship between pelvic obliquity and hip dysplasia in spastic cerebral palsy but did not confirm its existence by scientific study. A study is reported that confirms the association of pelvic obliquity with hip dysplasia in spastic cerebral palsy. At presentation of subluxation or dislocation prior to surgery, 80 patients were indexed into five body alignment types. Reclassifications were performed with passage of time in order to study the natural history and effects of surgery. In all cases, hip dysplasia was found to be consistent with the forces related to pelvic obliquity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[A humane picture of the human? Prolegomenon of change in the human image in anatomy].

When during the last three decades of the 19th century German clinical medicine was established as a natural science anatomy e.g. was referred to as a model on this way. At that time this discipline, however, was delved into Richtungskämpfe between evolutionary morphology on the one side and physiological and clinically orientated anatomy on the other, comprising a discussion on the Wissenschaftlichkeit of the different directions. In the end anatomy evolved as a medical discipline leaving evolutionary morphology to the zoologists. Concomitantly with this change in the self-conception of the discipline as a natural science anatomy was charged with the imprinting of the prospective physician and his picture of the human being. This respective picture is analysed in the anatomical illustration from Vesalius up to nowadays considering the unity of art and anatomy in the visual media as well as in its disjunction. In this context the dominance of science on art in the service of anatomy is discussed with special reference to the neoclassical influence on further development. The latter is characterized by an increasing abstraction and diagrammatic representation of the human figure referring to man as a reparable electrochemical machine without mystery. This corresponds to a clinical medicine comprehending as a reparative and mechanical profession. The restoration of a humane picture of the human being may be achieved by an anatomy directed to life and an art extended to an anthropological conception.

Anatomy, Artistic↗
PubMed1993

[A human representation of humans? Changes in human representation in anatomy].

When during the last three decades of the 19th century German clinical medicine was established as a natural science anatomy e.g. was referred to as a model on this way. At that time this discipline, however, was delved into Richtungskämpfe between evolutionary morphology on the one side and physiological and clinical orientated anatomy on the other, comprising a discussion on the Wissenschaftlichkeit of the different directions. In the end anatomy evolved as a medical discipline leaving evolutionary morphology to the zoologists. Concomitantly with this change in the self-conception of the discipline as a natural science anatomy was charged with the imprinting of the prospective physician and his picture of the human being. This respective picture is analysed in the anatomical illustration from Vesalius up to nowadays considering the unity of art and anatomy in the visual media as well as in its disjunction. In this context the dominance of science on art in the service of anatomy is discussed with special reference to the neoclassical influence on further development. The latter is characterized by an increasing abstraction and diagrammatic representation of the human figure referring to man as a reparable electrochemical machine without mystery. This corresponds to a clinical medicine comprehending as a reparative and mechanical profession. The restoration of a human picture of the human being may be achieved by an anatomy directed to life and an art extended to an anthropological conception.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1992

[Microscopic anatomy from the viewpoint of the macroscopic anatomist: the Vienna anatomist Joseph Hyrtl and his microscopic injection specimen].

Mainly due to an intellectual opposition to microscopy the promising early investigations in this field had come to an untimely end resulting in a neglect of the microscope during the 18th century. In this situation micro-injected specimens were to become an important link on the way to the microscopical science of histology establishing in the first half of the 19th century. Starting without optical instrumentation on the solid grounds of visual experience injected vessels and ducts provided a pathway from well known macroscopical into unknown microscopical dimensions. Without changing their level of perception anatomists could look through a microscope with macroscopist's eyes. Under this aspect Joseph Hyrtl's specimens are not part of a systematic microscopic anatomy or histology but technically demanding preparations to study body morphology and function by comparative anatomy.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1992

[Anatomy and revolution of the human image].

In Bourgery's and Jacob's "Traité complet de l'anatomie de l'homme", Paris 1831-1854, the révolution Davidienne had been introduced into the plates of anatomical atlasses. Unlike the Vesalian tradition of representation this demarcation against an old world provided a new picture of man in medical illustration. The cultural development taking us to this point is discussed against the background of converging movements in art and medicine in late 18th century France evolving sovereign man as a modern individual.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1990

[Not Available].

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Belgium↗
PubMed1989

[The Würzburg anatomist Albert von Koelliker and his relations with Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramón Cajal].

The great anatomist Albert von Koelliker (1817-1905) from Würzburg played an essential role in the histology of nervous tissue and in the development of the neuron theory in particular. He was among the first to appreciate the silver chromate method for staining nerve cells developed by Camillo Golgi and to accept and confirm the results of the neurohistological investigations presented by Santiago Ramón y Cajal with a modified technique of the Golgi method. Koelliker gave his unstinted support to both scientists whom he introduced into the international scientific community of the late 19th century. Though in the controversy about the organization of the nervous tissue Koelliker supported Cajal's view of a neuronal organization in contrast to Golgi's idea of a reticular organization, he remained a close friend to both scientists and even went all out for a nomination of Golgi for the Nobel-Prize for Physiology or Medicine.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1988

Distribution pattern of alanine aminotransferase activity in rat liver.

Activities of the alanine aminotransferase were measured along the entire sinusoidal paths (1) between small portal tracts and central veins and (2) between regions of adjoining septal branches and central veins in the livers of male Wistar rats using a Lowry technique. The established profiles of enzyme activity give support to previous studies, suggesting functional heterogeneity of liver sinusoids and their abutting hepatocytes related to morphological differences of the sinusoidal bed.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1988

The cranial nerves as living morphotic entities--Friedrich Arnold's Icones nervorum capitis, Heidelberg 1834.

Friedrich Arnold's neuroanatomical treatise Icones nervorum capitis published in its first edition in Heidelberg 1834 ranks scientifically and iconographically among the most brilliant works of 19th century anatomical literature. Consonant with Arnold's conceptions the lithographed engravings depict the cranial nerves as living, morphotic entities comprising their topographical origin and periphery in a distinctness and beauty never been seen before.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1988

[Not Available].

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Anatomy↗
PubMed1988

[Not Available].

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Germany↗
PubMed1987

Sinusoidal profiles of lactate dehydrogenase activity in rat liver.

Lactate dehydrogenase activities were measured along two sinusoidal paths (1) between small portal tracts and central veins and (2) between regions of adjoining septal branches and central veins in the livers of male Wistar rats, using a Lowry technique. The established profiles of enzyme activity provide further support of functional heterogeneity of liver sinusoids and their abutting hepatocytes related to morphological differences of the sinusoidal bed. Within the hepatocytes a pronounced heterogeneity in enzyme activity was recorded surrounding small portal tracts and central veins. The lowest values of activity were determined in those cells located in close proximity to the vessels, which emphasizes their exceptional morphological and functional position.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Not Available].

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Anatomy↗