Vaso-active substances in ascitic fluid from animals with experimental pancreatitis.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
R Hickman
Publications and source records attributed to R Hickman.
Plasmaphoresis, charcoal, and resin perfusion in experimental porcine hepatic failure.
Acute hepatic failure was induced in pigs by a combination of phenobarbitone, reversible hepatic artery ischemia, and low-dose carbon tetrachloride. Plasmaphoresis combined with charcoal or resin plasma perfusion resulted in no significant reduction in arterial amino acid levels despite proven amino acid absorption by the charcoal columns. No prolongation of life was attained in the pigs when compared to nonplasmaphoresed control animals.
Acrylic Resins↗
Technical consideration in management of renovascular hypertension in an infant with double renal arteries.
Renovascular hypertension is a curable disease that has recently been recognized with increasing frequency. A renal scan in a 1-month-old hypertensive white male showed diminished function of the right kidney, and his peripheral vein renin was elevated. Multiple antihypertensive medications failed to control his hypertension, and right kidney function deteriorated. An arteriogram showed two stenotic renal arteries supplying the right kidney. The smaller inferior artery supplied 35% of the kidney. Selective vein renin levels were greater than 15,000 ng/dL on the right side. Technical considerations in the repair of this lesion included midline transabdominal incision to expose the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava; dissection of inferior vena cava (IVC) with division of selected lumbar veins; full mobilization of right kidney and transsection of both renal arteries and the renal vein; perfusion of kidney via each renal artery with cold Sach's solution after resection of arterial stenoses; end-to-side microvascular anastomosis of the smaller (2 mm) renal artery to the main renal artery at the hilum with 10-0 nylon over in situ perfusion cannula; renal artery passed under the IVC to the aorta; and right kidney autotransplanted to a new site on the abdominal aorta with an end-to-side (5.0 mm) renal artery to the aorta and an end-to-side renal vein to IVC anastomosis. Following revascularization, perfusion was excellent and the blood pressure returned to normal. At 6 months follow-up, selective renal vein renins were normal and an arteriogram showed no stenosis. Meticulous dissection, cold perfusion, microvascular anastomosis, and autotransplantation salvaged this kidney and resolved the hypertension.
Humans↗
For how long can the liver tolerate ischaemia?
In this study the ability of the normal liver to tolerate normothermic ischaemia was assessed. The survival rate in pigs after 3, 6 and 12 h of normothermic hepatic ischaemia was 71, 46 and 0%, respectively. A patient who survived after inadvertently being subjected to 90 min of normothermic hepatic ischaemia is also presented. These findings suggest that the 'safe period' for liver blood flow occlusion could be extended beyond 1 h.
Animals↗
A predictable pathophysiological model of porcine hepatic failure.
A technique is described in which acute hepatic failure may be uniformly induced in pigs using a combination of oral phenobarbitone pretreatment and 2-hour interruption of hepatic arterial blood supply followed by intragastric carbon tetrachloride. This results in deep hepatic coma over a narrowly predictable time span and death within 12-52 h. Amino acid levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid obtained 24 h after the induction of hepatic failure were similar to those reported in human and experimental encephalopathy.
Amino Acids↗
Design and use of double lumen right atrial catheters in bone marrow transplant recipients.
Bone marrow transplant recipients require central venous catheterization for a variety of fluids. They are also particularly susceptible to infection. Here we discuss the use of double lumen catheters to reduce the number of invasions necessary. We make particular reference to infection, neutropenia, prophylactic antibiotics, additional catheters, and presence of graft vs host disease.
Adolescent↗
Healing of the bile duct anastomosis after transverse choledochotomy or transplantation of the liver in the pig.
A comparison was made in pigs of the tensile strength of the bile duct anastomosis after simple dochotomy and after hepatic autograft or allograft. It appears that tensile strength returned to normal levels within 15 days of simple dochotomy and indeed rose past normal at 50 days, but that after either form of hepatic grafting, tensile strength did not reach normal levels even by 50 days postoperation.
Animals↗
Lysosomal acid hydrolase alterations in gastric mucosa from an experimental peptic ulcer model.
Ligation of the common bile duct in pigs causes esophagogastric ulceration in 100 per cent of instances within seven days postoperatively. The results of previous studies have suggested a peptic cause for these ulcers. The possible role of lysosomal acid hydrolases in the primary pathogenesis was investigated herein. The total activities of two lysosomal acid hydrolases in mucosal specimens taken at biopsy from ulcerated pars esophagea and one in ulcerated gastric cardia were significantly lower in pigs undergoing ligation of the bile duct postoperatively, than in comparable pigs undergoing sham operations while there was evidence of increased extracellular activity. Mucosal deoxythymidine kinase activity was increased in gastric cardia suggesting attempted repair. Pigs with parakeratosis of the pars esophagea and edema of the gastric cardia, consistent with the preulcerative state also showed lowered enzyme activity. These results in intact pigs suggest that release of lysosomal acid hydrolases occurs with and may precede peptic ulceration.
Acetylglucosaminidase↗
Changes in specific immunoglobulins after various forms of portal diversion in the rat.
This study was designed to investigate further the hyperglobulinaemia which followed portal or splenic venous diversion but not mesenteric venous diversion. It was observed that levels of IgG and IgM were elevated from 3-6 weeks after portacaval shunt, portacaval transposition or splenacaval shunt. IgA levels were increased after all forms of portal venous diversions including after mesentericocaval shunt. The failure of levels of IgG and IgM to rise after mesocaval shunting suggests that some component of splenic venous blood may regulate the ability of the reticulo-endothelial system of the liver to respond to antigenic influences.
Animals↗
Are acid and pepsin reduction the only effects of highly selective vagotomy. Evidence of changes in tissue levels of gastrin, prostaglandins and lysosomal acid hydrolases in an experimental ulcer model.
Using the bile duct ligated (BDL) pig as a model of experimental peptic ulceration, a study was made of the effects of highly selective vagotomy (HSV) upon basal and stimulated acid and pepsin secretion, tissue levels of n-acetylglucosaminidase, prostaglandins (PgE2) and gastrin, and gastric venous plasma gastrin. In addition to reducing basal acid and pepsin output, HSV was found to return towards normal the elevated tissue prostaglandin and depressed antral gastrin levels after BDL. In addition, it was observed that gastric juice specimens were markedly viscid. It is suggested that there may be effects of HSV other than acid and pepsin reduction which require attention.
Acetylglucosaminidase↗
The J. S. Marais Surgical Laboratory - 21 years old.
The J. S. Marais Surgical Laboratory celebrated its 21st birthday in 1979, but research in the Department had been in progress for more than 40 years. For much of this time, the principal supporter of research in the Department of Surgery was Professor Louw and this short review is offered as part of his Festschrift.
Faculty, Medical↗
The use of diazepam in gastro-intestinal endoscopy.
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Bilirubin↗
Endogenous and exogenous heptadecapeptide gastrin transport across the pig liver.
In vivo studies in the pig showed no net loss or gain of endogenous porcine gastrin during transport across the liver in fasting animals. Infusion of synthetic human heptadecapeptide gastrin (G-17) in doses of 0,25, 0,5 and 1,0 microgram/kg/min raised circulating gastrin levels to those found in the postprandial state. At no time was there a loss or gain of immunologically determined gastrin across the liver. Changes in the molecular size of gastrin, however, suggested that qualitative but not quantitative effects followed the administration of G-17 in vivo. The disappearance of gastrin from the circulation was biphasic, with an initial half-life of 3 minutes and a slower phase suggesting recirculation or multicompartment equilibration. The distribution at equilibrium was +/- 20% of body weight calculated from arterial levels, but 30-40% if portal or hepatic venous values were used. The mean blood production rate was +/- 125 microgram/day but the portal contribution was only 30 microgram/day, suggesting an important alternative source of gastrin.
Animals↗
Effect of histamine H1- and H2-receptor blockade on canine gastric acid secretion.
In dogs with gastric fistulae and Heidenhain pouches, inhibition of histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion by the histamine H2-receptor antagonist metiamide is not increased by the addition of a histamine H1-receptor antagonist (mepyramine maleate). Under the conditions of this study there is no evidence for the presence of histamine H1-receptor sites on the gastric parietal cell.
Animals↗
Chromosome 7 short arm deletion and craniosynostosis. A 7p-syndrome.
A patient with craniosynostosis and a small deletion of part of the short arm of chromosome 7 is described. A review of the literature indicates that craniosynostosis has occurred in at least four of the five infants (the fifth having microcephaly) affected by structural changes (resulting in deletion) within the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 7.
Blood Group Antigens↗
Pregnancy after autotransplantation of the Fallopian tube in the ewe.
Vascularised transplantation of the Fallopian tube is a technically feasible operation, but its functional result remains questionable. This article documents a pregnancy after vascularised contralateral autotransplantation of the oviduct in a ewe.
Animals↗
A conrolled trial of glucagon in experimental pancreatitis.
This study was designed to assess the value of glucagon infusion in pigs with experimental pancreatitis. The condition was induced by injection of bile into the pancreatic duct directly after intravenous injection of secretion. Macroscopic haemorrpagic pancreatitis ensued immediately, and was accompanied by a rise in the serum amylase of five to ten times. An experimental group of 15 pigs was given glucagon by continous infusion for 18 hours beginning 18 hours after induction of pancreatitis. A control group was given intravenous saline. Fourteen of the 15 treated animals survived for 1 week and 3 died within 2 weeks, after which the remaining animals were sacrificed. Ten of the 15 controls died within the first week. Serum amylase levels in both groups began to decline when infusion was commenced, but levels in the treated group were significantly lower than in the controls. Autopsy showed prominent peripancreatic granulation tissue in the treated animals, a significant incidence of pericarditis in both groups and pancreatic pseudocysts in 3 controls and 1 treated animal. These results suggest that glucagon effectively reduced the mortality in pigs with experimental pancreatitis and that a controlled clinical trial of treatment is justified.
Acute Disease↗
Anorexia and weight loss in the portacaval-shunted pig.
The pig shows a marked response to end-to-side portacaval shunt. Survival is short and levels of alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol fall. This study was designed to determine the role of the reduced food intake which follows the operation upon these results. In pair-fed, sham-operated pigs, survival was short and levels of alkaline phosphatase and cholesterol also fell. Sham-operated animals fed normally did not show this response. Reduced appetite has been recorded in many experimental animals after portacaval shunt, but the cause remains to be elucidated. Encephalopathy, bacteremia, peptic ulceration, or hormonal imbalance could be implicated. Similar alteration in appetite and weight loss have not been observed in children who have been treated by portacaval shunt for glycogen storage disease or hypercholesterolemia; however, the underlying metabolic disorder or the species difference may be a contributory cause.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗