The incidence, morbidity, and risk factors for acute extrapyramidal syndromes (EPS) such as akathisia and drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) in neuroleptic-treated elders have not been systematically explored. This study presents data on 17 elderly patients who were prospectively examined for up to 4 weeks for acute EPS, functional and cognitive status, and behavioral disturbances. Seventy-one percent of subjects developed DIP, and 18% developed akathisia. Predictors of DIP included pre-neuroleptic treatment parkinsonian signs and neuroleptic dose, despite use of low doses of neuroleptics. Development of acute EPS was associated with failure to improve behaviorally. New-onset urinary incontinence was the most common functional abnormality.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Glucose-insulin kinetics of the extravascular bioartificial pancreas. A study using microencapsulated rat islets.

The success of the extravascular bioartificial pancreas (BAP) is contingent on the rapid transfer of the glycemic signal across both an extravascular compartment and a semipermeable membrane and of insulin from the BAP to the recipient. To examine the possibility of microencapsulated islets such as the BAP to achieve satisfactory in vivo glucose-insulin kinetics, islets were isolated from Lewis rats, encapsulated in poly-L-lysine-alginate membranes, and isogenically transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of 14 streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Fasting blood glucose (BG) was measured and intravenous glucose tolerance was tested at 8-10 weeks and compared with three control groups: 1) normal Lewis rats (n = 6); 2) untreated diabetic rats (n = 5); and 3) diabetic rats that received intraperitoneal implants of empty capsules (n = 4). Ten animals that received microencapsulated islets (5,271 +/- 431) promptly became normoglycemic, with a mean BG of 128 +/- 17 ng/dl 3 days after transplantation and maintained this level > 100 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance K-value for the group was 3.84 +/- 0.32 compared with 3.96 +/- 0.39 (p = 0.83) for the normal control group, and 0.60 +/- 0.12 (p < 0.01) and 0.40 +/- 0.15 (p < 0.01) for the diabetic control groups with and without empty capsules. The authors conclude from these results that, given sufficient beta-cell mass, a BAP without any vascular access can respond appropriately to an increase in blood glucose concentration, without overshoot hypoglycemia and within a lag lapse compatible with normal physiologic insulin delivery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Oxidation of tenoxicam by leukocyte peroxidases and H2O2 produces novel products.

A leukocyte extract, which had a high peroxidase activity (mostly myeloperoxidase), converted tenoxicam [4-hydroxy-N-(2'-pyridyl)-2-methyl-2H-thieno-(2,3e)-1,2-thiazine-3 - carboxamide-1,1-dioxide] a potent antiinflammatory drug, into four novel metabolites in the presence of H2O2: 4,5-dihydro-4-oxo-5-methyliminopyrido (1,2a) imidazole (metabolite I), 2-carboxyl-3-thiofenesulfinic acid (metabolite II), 2-carboxyl-3-thiofenesulfonic acid (metabolite III), and N-methyl-N'-(2-pyridyl)oxamide (metabolite IV). These metabolites were probably formed by a one-electron oxidation reaction at the center carbon atom of the beta-diketone moiety of tenoxicam. Tenoxicam is a cofactor for the reduction of peroxidases and this capability may explain at least a part of the antiinflammatory effect of tenoxicam.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Studies on oxygen uptake and carbohydrate metabolism of isolated rat glomeruli in daunomycin induced nephrotic syndrome.

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Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The action of amino acids and their keto analogs on urea and ketone body formation in rat liver sections in chronic uremia].

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Acetoacetates↗