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R Hardy

Publications and source records attributed to R Hardy.

131 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Menstrual patterns during the inception of perimenopause: what are the predictors and what do they predict?

Using data from a British national cohort of women born in 1946, this study aims to identify menstrual patterns during the first year of perimenopause (based on the frequency of periods, the numbers of days bled each month, and menstrual flow) to see if they are related to health and behaviors earlier in adult life and if they predict entry into menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use. Three groups of women were identified using cluster analysis: those who experienced more of these characteristics, those who experienced less, and those who experienced few changes. In polychotomous logistic regression models, the likelihood ratio tests indicated that parity and body mass index (BMI) were significant at the 5% level. The odds ratios from the parity models showed a gradient, with women from the Less cluster being most likely to have no children and those from the More cluster most likely to have at least one child. A similar gradient was detected for BMI, with the Less cluster tending to be underweight. The Less cluster came into menopause significantly faster than the Same and the More groups, where the estimated hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) were, respectively, 0.61 (0.37-0.99) and 0.24 (0.11-0.52). There was no association between the clusters and later HRT use. The findings suggest that menstrual characteristics should be more carefully studied in population studies of the climacteric.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gender differences in the relationship between alcohol consumption and drink problems are largely accounted for by body water.

It is widely reported that women drink less and have a lower prevalence of drink problems than men, but the gender differences in the relationship between level of drinking and drink problems have rarely been investigated quantitatively. This paper reports results from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (the 1946 British Cohort) when the subjects were 43 years old. Using 7-day recall for alcohol consumption and CAGE scores of 2, 3 or 4 for drink problems, it was found that the prevalence of drink problems increased with level of alcohol consumption. Women were more likely than men to report drink problems at the same level of alcohol consumption. However, this gender difference was largely accounted for by individual differences in weight of body water. Beer accounted for the excess of men's drinking over women's and the proportion of alcohol consumed as beer was inversely related to drink problems. Eighty per cent of women and 52% of men who had drink problems in the past year reported drinking less than an average of 3 U (women) or 4 U (men) a day in the past week. As drinking levels in women begin to approach those in men, rates of drink problems in women are likely to overtake those in men because of women's greater physiological sensitivity to the effects of alcohol.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hip replacement in the elderly.

Hip replacement is commonplace and generally successful except for the very elderly in whom repeated surgery may be necessary. The benefit for many of these patients is questioned in the context of predictability of outcome and consideration of quality of life and death.

Aged↗