A pleural effusion associated with congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia was detected in a fetus in utero but was absent at the time of delivery. The pleural effusion was unilateral although the disease involved both lungs. In this case there was an association between polyhydramnios and congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Adaptation of the acoustic reflex.

Acoustic reflex adaptation is reviewed in normal and abnormal auditory systems. The measurement variables affecting the acoustic reflex threshold are discussed with reference to the intensity level above reflex threshold at which the adaptation is measured. The effects of the activator frequency and activator intensity level on the time course of normal reflex adaptation are reviewed. The diagnostic application of acoustic reflex adaptation is discussed with reference to the different definitions of abnormality found in the literature. The acoustic reflex patterns, including absence, threshold, and adaptation of the reflex, are reported in patients with different degrees of hearing loss, in order to identify the false-positive rates associated with cochlear hearing losses. Finally, the diagnostic accuracy of acoustic reflexes is discussed in subjects having lesions of the CNVIII, brain stem, CNVII, and neuromuscular systems. In summary, a method is advocated for measuring acoustic reflex adaptation over 10 seconds, which allows analysis at both 5 and 10 seconds. Further research is needed on procedural variables including activator intensity level and ipsilateral recording methods, which may increase the diagnostic accuracy of acoustic reflex adaptation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of combinations of temperature and light on skeletal development and the growth rate of incisors in rats.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Community-based exercise intervention: Zuni Diabetes Project.

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a serious health problem among the Zuni Indians of New Mexico. In July 1983, Indian Health Service personnel initiated a community-based exercise program designed to help control NIDDM in the community. To retrospectively evaluate the effects of the exercise program, the medical records of 30 participants with NIDDM were compared with the medical records of 56 nonparticipants with NIDDM matched by age, sex, health-care provider, and duration of NIDDM. From 1 July 1983 through 1 October 1985, participants had a mean weight loss of 4 kg, whereas nonparticipants had a mean weight loss of 0.9 kg (P less than .05). Participants' fasting blood glucose values dropped by a mean of 43 mg/dl, compared to a mean drop of 2 mg/dl among the nonparticipants (P less than .05). Participants were significantly more likely than nonparticipants to have stopped their hypoglycemic medication (relative risk 4.2) and to have decreased their medication dosage (relative risk 2.2). These results suggest that participation in a community-based exercise program can produce significant weight loss and improvement in glycemic control among a group of Native Americans with NIDDM.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of order bias on the recognition of dichotic digits in young and elderly listeners.

Dichotic listening was evaluated in free-recall and directed-recall (pre-cued, post-cued) response conditions using interleaved one-, two-, and three-pair dichotic digit materials. In the free-recall condition, the subjects recalled in any order the digits presented. In the directed-recall condition, a response task was examined where subjects recalled all digits presented to the cued ear (pre- or post-cued) followed by the digits presented to the opposite (non-cued) ear. Thirty 20- to 29-year-old adults with normal hearing and 30 60- to 79-year-old adults with mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss were evaluated. In all conditions, performance by the younger listeners was better than performance by the elderly listeners. As the difficulty of the dichotic digit task increased, recognition performance decreased. The recognition performance of elderly listeners was more affected by increases in the difficulty of the stimulus materials as compared to the younger listeners. In the free-recall condition, there was a right-ear advantage for both age groups. When instructional bias was imposed, the results favored the ear of instructed bias. The differences in recognition performance between young and elderly listeners likely reflect differences in the difficulty of the dichotic digit test conditions and variations in the demand on auditory memory.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Recognition of one-, two-, and three-pair dichotic digits under free and directed recall.

A one-, two-, and three-pair dichotic digit test was administered to 180 subjects (20-79 years) with varying degrees of hearing sensitivity. The test was carried out under free- and directed-recall response conditions. The results indicated that recognition performance decreased as a function of increasing age. Statistical analysis using analysis of covariance indicated that differences in performance between age groups were not owing to differences in hearing sensitivity. Thus, with the effects of hearing sensitivity removed, age alone accounted for a significant portion of the variability in the data among age groups. Normative data for the free-recall condition are reported for the two lists of randomly interleaved one-, two-, and three-pair digits included on the Tonal and Speech Materials for Auditory Perceptual Assessment, Disc 2.0 (1998) compact disc. A comparison of performance in free- and directed-recall conditions indicated three patterns of results. First, 58 percent of the subjects had normal recognition performance for one-, two-, and three-pair digits under both recall conditions. Second, 39 percent of the subjects had a deficit in the free-recall condition, with normal performance in the directed-recall condition, which was interpreted as representing primarily a cognitive problem. Third, the remaining 3 percent of the subjects showed a deficit in both free- and directed-recall conditions, which was attributed primarily to an auditory problem.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of filtering and inter-digit interval on the recognition of dichotic digits.

The new compact disc from the Department of Veterans Affairs, Tonal and Speech Materials for Auditory, Perceptual Assessment, Disc 2.0 (1998), contains two lists of randomly interleaved 1-, 2-, and 3-pair dichotic digits. Two experiments are reported, in which the effects of low-pass filtering and inter-digit interval on dichotic digit recognition were investigated in adult listeners with normal hearing and with mild-to-moderate cochlear hearing loss. Results demonstrated that in the filtered condition, as the low-pass cutoff was increased, there was an increase in recognition performance for 1-, 2-, and 3-pair dichotic digits. When compared to normative data for the materials, findings indicate that the interleaved 1-, 2-, and 3-pair dichotic digit materials were essentially resistant to the effects of hearing loss. There was no significant change in recognition performance as a function of inter-digit interval. The studied 625-ms range of inter-digit intervals studied produced consistent recognition performance with both groups of listeners.

Adult↗