Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R H Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to R H Taylor.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Acute inflammation of pancreatic tissue in a Meckel's diverticulum.

The authors report what they believe is the first report in the English literature of acute inflammation of ectopic pancreatic tissue in a Meckel's diverticulum. A 29-year-old man presented with acute abdominal pain and a clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made. Laparotomy revealed a normal appendix and a Meckel's diverticulum with gross inflammation at the distal end. Microscopic examination showed acute inflammation limited to ectopic pancreatic tissue in the wall of the diverticulum. Fat necrosis was present. The possible pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Ductal drainage or resection for chronic pancreatitis.

We report a 10 year review comparing the results of pain relief after three procedures for chronic pancreatitis: Whipple pancreatoduodenectomy, modified Puestow side-to-side longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy and distal pancreatic resection. Results of follow-up review at 6 months, 2 years and 5 years were tabulated. Five year follow-up data were available on more than 80 percent of patients. The proportion of good results for pain relief decreased with the passage of time regardless of the procedure performed. Although equally good results are obtained after either pancreatoduodenectomy or pancreaticojejunosotomy, we conclude that in the presence of a dilated duct, the procedure of choice is pancreaticojejunostomy. If the duct is not dilated, we then favor pancreatoduodenectomy, after which the pain relief is significantly better (p = 0.05) than after distal resection. Our data show that, for all factors evaluated, the poorest pain relief was obtained after distal resection. Therefore that procedure has limited value when used specifically for relief of pain in chronic pancreatitis, except in the uncommon circumstance when the disease is confined to the distal part of the gland. Our study also shows that patients who have more radical distal resection have no better pain relief than those who have 50 percent distal resection.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pancreatic pseudocyst. Changing concepts in management.

One hundred seven patients with pseudocyst managed during the past decade were reviewed. The mortality rate of 11.2 percent compares favorably with the rates in other recent series. Twenty-two percent of the patients were managed conservatively, and 76 underwent exploration. None of the nonoperative patients died from complications of the cyst. In all five patients (4.8 percent) who died, the cause was sepsis and multiorgan failure unrelated to the cyst. Patients with external drainage had a 90 percent complication rate. In addition, in four of five patients attempts at treatment by needle aspiration failed. Internal drainage of all types was complicated in 50 percent of patients, with a surprising absence of complications associated with cystojejunostomy. Asymptomatic pseudocysts may be safely treated conservatively with a good expectation of spontaneous resolution. Eight patients had pseudocysts secondary to biliary tract disease alone. Perhaps the incidence of this complication would have been lower if the biliary disease had been treated. This would support the argument for early surgical intervention in patients with acute pancreatitis secondary to biliary stones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Sphincterotomy or sphincteroplasty in the treatment of pathologically mild chronic pancreatitis.

We reviewed 67 patients with a mild to moderate degree of chronic pancreatitis, 33 of whom had sphincterotomy and 34 of whom had sphincteroplasty of the sphincter of Oddi and the sphincter of the pancreatic duct. The cause of the pancreatitis was idiopathic in 35 and probably alcoholic in 32. Initial relief of symptoms at 6 months was acceptable in both groups (mean, 64 percent), but thereafter decreased at 2 years and 5 years postoperatively to significant relief in only 48 and 44 percent of patients, respectively. The more complex sphincteroplasty appears to offer no advantage over the simpler sphincterotomy in the management of patients with pain of pancreatitis. In the patients who were alcoholics, avoidance of alcohol seems to be a much more important determinant of the outcome of the operation than the operation itself.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange.

The determine the effect of different foods on the blood glucose, 62 commonly eaten foods and sugars were fed individually to groups of 5 to 10 healthy fasting volunteers. Blood glucose levels were measured over 2 h, and expressed as a percentage of the area under the glucose response curve when the same amount of carbohydrate was taken as glucose. The largest rises were seen with vegetables (70 +/- 5%), followed by breakfast cereals (65 +/- 5%), cereals and biscuits (60 +/- 3%), fruit (50 +/- 5%), dairy products (35 +/- 1%), and dried legumes (31 +/- 3%). A significant negative relationship was seen between fat (p less than 0.01) and protein (p less than 0.001) and postprandial glucose rise but not with fiber or sugar content.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Scope and specificity of acarbose in slowing carbohydrate absorption in man.

Fifty-gram carbohydrate tolerance tests were performed on healthy volunteers to test the activity and specificity of an alpha-glucoside hydrolase inhibitor, acarbose (BAY g 5421). Two hundred milligrams acarbose reduced the area under the blood glucose response curve by 89% (P less than 0.001) after sucrose by 80% (P less than 0.002) after starch, by 19% (N.S.) after maltose, with no effect on glucose. Breath hydrogen measurements indicated an almost complete malabsorption of the sucrose. At 50 mg acarbose, some reduction in blood glucose and insulin response to sucrose was still seen, but no significant hydrogen production. It is suggested that at lower doses, acarbose may prolong the time course over which carbohydrate is absorbed as does dietary fiber; as with fiber, it may be a useful adjunct to diabetic therapy.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1981

Prescribing antibiotics.

A specific antibiotic is prescribed not for its effect on the patient but for its effect on the microorganism. Antibiotics have a unique toxicity because of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the patient. Lack of response to the antibiotic may be due to selection of the wrong drug, inadequate dosage, inappropriate route of administration, failure of the drug to be distributed to the infected site, or metabolism and excretion so that no active drug is present.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Effect of guar crispbread with cereal products and leguminous seeds on blood glucose concentrations of diabetics.

To compare the effect on blood glucose concentrations of guar incorporated into crispbreads with that of unprocessed high-fibre foods groups of four to six diabetics took a total of seven test breakfasts on separate days. By comparison with a breakfast of wholemeal bread and cheese, guar crispbread combined with bread reduced the area under the glucose response curve to 51% (p < 0.05); bread and soya beans reduced the area to 65% (p < 0.05); guar crispbread with soya beans to 25% (p < 0.002); and soya beans with lentils to 29% (p < 0.002). Porridge and cornflake breakfasts showed no difference. The favourable results with leguminous seeds may not make such meals more acceptable than meals of guar products, but a combination of leguminous seeds and guar may allow smaller and more acceptable amounts of both to be used.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Exceptionally low blood glucose response to dried beans: comparison with other carbohydrate foods.

Normal volunteers took 50-g carbohydrate portions of eight varieties of dried legumes and 24 common foods drawn from grains, cereals and pasta, breakfast cereals, biscuits, and tuberous vegetables. Both the mean peak rise in blood glucose concentrations and mean area under the glucose curve of the subjects who ate beans were at least 45% lower than those of subjects who ate the other foods. These results suggest a potentially valuable role for dried leguminous seeds in carbohydrate exchanges for individuals with impaired carbohydrate tolerance.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1980

Rate of digestion of foods and postprandial glycaemia in normal and diabetic subjects.

Carbohydrate portions (2 g) of lentils, soya beans, and wholemeal bread were incubated for three hours with human digestive juices and the effect of digestibility on blood glucose examined. Lentils and soya beans released only 39% and 8% respectively of the sugars and oligosaccharides liberated from bread. In healthy volunteers 50 g carbohydrate portions of cooked lentils and soya beans raised blood glucose concentrations by only 42% (p < 0.001) and 14% (p < 0.001) of the bread value. There was a similar response in diabetics. These results suggest that rate of digestion might be a important factor determining the rise in blood glucose concentration after a meal and that supplementing chemical analysis with in-vitro and in-vivo food testing might permit identification of especially useful foods for diabetics.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Hamster mitochondrial transfer RNA lacks T and the universal GUUCG sequence.

Earlier inferences (based on incorporation of radio-activity from methyl-labeled methionine) that mammalian mitochondrial tRNA lacks ribothymidine ('T') have been confirmed using [14C]uridine as precursor. Moreover, oligonucleotide fingerprint analysis of 32P-labeled samples have shown that hamster mitochondrial tRNA lacks the 'universal' pentanucleotide of conventional tRNA in which T normally occurs, CTpsiCG, in modified or unmodified form.

Animals↗