Psychosocial adaptation in juvenile rheumatic disease: a controlled evaluation.
Juvenile rheumatic diseases are serious chronic illnesses potentially capable of disrupting a child's development and functioning. This study examined the psychosocial functioning of 43 children with severe rheumatic disease as compared to that of 52 children with a milder or inactive form of rheumatic disease. Both patient groups also were compared to 93 healthy children from demographically matched families. Data were obtained from parent reports, from physician evaluation, and, for children who were old enough, from self-reports. The severe patient group showed more parent-reported psychological and physical problems than both the mild patient group and the healthy controls. Compared to the mild group, the severe group also missed more days of school due to illness. Older children in the severe group were more likely to miss school due to illness and to participate in fewer social activities with their families and friends than the controls; however, the older children reported comparable mood and functioning in other areas. An expanded model is proposed to examine risk and resistance factors predictive of psychological and social dysfunction among children with severe chronic disease.