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Biomedical subjects

R H Moore

Publications and source records attributed to R H Moore.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Biologic behavior of ocular malignant melanoma and comparison with melanoma of the head and neck.

Ocular melanoma is the most common malignant tumor of the eye and accounts for 70 to 80 percent of all extracutaneous melanomas. Its biologic behavior differs from that of its cutaneous counterpart. To elucidate this, 62 patients with histologically proven melanoma of eye (58 uveal tract and 4 conjuntiva) at Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1945 to 1977 were studied. The prominent contradistinctions from other head and neck melanomas were (1) a very high percentage of patients had either locally advanced or systemic disease at diagnosis, although the eye is the most sensitive organ; (2) regional lymph node involvement was absent even in the late stages of disease; (3) hematogenous spread involved single organs, most commonly the liver and the lung; (4) local recurrence was rare; (5) most recurrences occurred evenly in first 10 years after treatment; (6) regional resection, chemotherapy or both are advocated for distant metastases since they are confined to a single organ and are amenable to it; and (7) despite hematogenous spread and advanced disease at diagnosis, the overall prognosis of ocular melanoma is comparable to that of cutaneous melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Effects of intravenously administered Leu- or Met-enkephalin on arterial blood pressure.

The purpose of these studies was to determine if two endogenous opioids, leucine (Leu) and methionine (Met) -enkephalin, alter blood pressure and, if so, by what mechanisms. Studies from our laboratory show that intravenous administration of Leu-enkephalin in doses of 0.032-320 microgram/kg induced a biphasic response in pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. A transient rise in mean arterial pressure was followed by a more prolonged decline. Administration of Met-enkephalin caused only a decline in mean arterial pressure. Neither agent significantly altered heart rate, venous pressure or the EKG. Having determined that both enkephalins altered blood pressure and observed that the responses were qualitatively different, selected pharmacological antagonists were employed to see if the alterations in blood pressure could be blocked. Naloxone blocked the hypertensive responses and antagonized the hypotensive effects seen with the administration of Leu-enkephalin. Naloxone also shifted the dose-effect curve of Met-enkephalin to the right. Diphenhydramine attenuated both the hypertensive and hypotensive responses of Leu-enkephalin. However, diphenhydramine pretreatment did not alter the decline in blood pressure seen with the higher doses of Met-enkephalin. Propranolol exerted some antagonistic activity in association with the rise in blood pressure seen with Leu-enkephalin, but propranolol did not alter the drop in pressure observed with the administration of either enkephalin. These results show that intravenous administration of the enkephalins can alter blood pressure and these effects are not alike for each enkephalin. Additionally, the enkephalins are not blocked in the same fashion by antagonists, giving support to the hypothesis that the two enkephalins interact with different receptors.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Quantification of myocardial infarction by computer-assisted positron emission tomography.

The accuracy of three-dimensional transverse section positron emission imaging for quantification of myocardial infarction size was validated and compared with the accuracy of two dimensional planar positron imaging. After induction of acute anterior myocardial infarction in anaesthetised dogs, gallium-68 albumin microspheres were injected into the left atrium. Planar and transverse section images of the thorax were obtained with a multicrystal positron camera. After staining with tetrazolium tetrachloride injected intravenously, the hearts were excised, sectioned manually, and planar imaging repeated. Each myocardial infarction was clearly delineated by transverse section imaging with high contrast ratios (mean 0.68 +/- 0.02 SEM); planar imaging identified seven of nine infarcts but with lower contrast ratios (0.24 +/- 0.04; P < 0.001). The volume of infarcted myocardium determined from transverse section images correlated well with true infarct volume (r = 0.94); whereas planar images poorly predicted infarct size (r = 0.63). Thus, computer-assisted transverse section positron imaging provides in vivo localisation of microsphere distribution for improved radioisotopic quantification of myocardial infarction.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Measurement of tamoxifen in serum by thin-layer densitometry.

A method is described for the determination of tamoxifen in serum. The drug was extracted from the serum and separated from its metabolites by thin-layer chromatography. Irradiation of the thin-layer plate with ultra-violet light after development converted tamoxifen to a fluorescent product which could be estimated in situ by densitometry. The fluorescent product was identified as a substituted phenanthrene by thin-layer chromatography, and gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. The method allowed concentrations as low as 6.8 nmol/l serum to be measured. After an oral dose of tamoxifen (10 mg) to a female patient the maximum serum concentration (66.2 nmol/l) was achieved in 3 h. When 10 mg tamoxifen were taken twice daily for 21 days by the same patient serum concentrations of about 500 nmol/l were achieved.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1980

Comparison of subcutaneous versus intradermally inoculated murine C-1300 neuroblastoma.

A subcutaneous (S.C.) was compared with an intradermal (I.D.) inoculation route of C-1300 neuroblastoma cells in adult A/J mice. This study was prompted by a recent report of increased metastases in intradermally inoculated murine neuroblastoma. The median survival in our line was longer in the I.D. group (44 days as compared to 34.5 days). Despite this feature, liver metastases, when detecp). In this series of experiments no other metastatic sites were found. Histologically both groups showed a similar picture under light microscopy, i.e., a highly undifferentiated tumor with little matrix and an absence of neuronal elements. It appears that the C-1300 neuroblastoma cell line utilized in this study differs biologically from that used by other investigators.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The quantitative determination of acrylonitrile, acrolein, acetonitrile and acetone in workplace air.

A simple and sensitive procedure for the routine determination of personnel exposures to organic vapors in the workplace has been developed using porous polymer adsorption/thermal desorption with a subsequent analysis by gas chromatography. Detailed instructions for the packing of the adsorption tube and the operation of the thermal concentrator (flasher) are given. Calibration data obtained with both a static on tube injection procedure and a dynamic method using a permeation device are discussed. More than two years of experience with 6000 samples involving a wide variety of compounds has shown the sensitivity and versatility of the techniques. The additional equipment involved is commercially available costing about $2000.

Acetone↗
PubMed1979

Adenosine deaminase activity in a transplantable murine renal adenocarcinoma.

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was studied in tumor tissue, spleen, and bone marrow of animals bearing a transplantable murine renal carcinoma. Tumor tissue and splenic ADA specific activities were elevated in these animals when compared to controls although splenic specific activity subsequently declined with increasing tumor burden. Marrow ADA specific activity was the same in tumor bearing animals as in controls regardless of variations in tumor size. Studies of this enzyme may offer insight into salvage pathways of purine biosynthesis thereby suggesting exploitable targets for chemotherapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Detection of experimental pulmonary emboli in dogs by sequential positron imaging after inhalation of 15O-carbon dioxide.

After inhalation, C15O2 (T1/2 = 2 minutes) rapidly diffuses into pulmonary blood and is cleared from the lungs within 10 seconds. The purpose of this study was to determine whether impaired clearance of inhaled C15O2 from oligemic zones, distal to areas of obstructed pulmonary blood flow, could be detected by serial pulmonary imaging with a positron camera. Experimental obstruction of branches of the pulmonary artery was induced in 19 anesthetized dogs by inflation of balloon-tipped catheters (8-12 mm in diameter), injection of radiopaque silicone spheres (0.5-4.0 mm), and embolization with barium-impregnated autologous blood clots (1-5 mm) via the right external jugular vein. After a single bolus injection of 2 mCi of C15O2 into the endotracheal tube, serial lung images of 15O activity were obtained over 60-180 seconds. Obstruction of pulmonary arterial branches resulted in visualization of discrete zones of impaired 15O clearance which varied in area with catheter diameter. Location and size of these zones were confirmed by repeat imaging after direct injection of 15O-labeled blood through the distal catheter lumen. In dogs receiving autologous clots (n = 8), similar zones of impaired 15O clearance were consistently imaged, and single emboli as small as 2 mm in diameter produced regions of retained 15O activity. Zones of retained 15O activity corresponded to the location of radiopaque emboli on chest radiographs. This study introduces a new technique of radionuclide imaging for detection of pulmonary emboli that is noninvasive, safe, sensitive, and repeatable at short intervals.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Modification of the effects of LSD-25, d-amphetamine and tryptamine on electrically evoked responses in the visual system by methiothepin and octoclothepin.

LSD-25 (32 microgram/kg), d-amphetamine (3.2 mg/kg), and tryptamine (320 to 3200 microgram/kg) given intravenously depressed the response recorded in the visual cortex to electrical stimulation of the optic chiasm of the chloralose anesthetized cat. Relatively large doses of 1 mg/kg of the dibenzothiepin derivatives, methiothepin and octoclothepin, antagonized the depressant effects of both LSD-25 and tryptamine to a greater degree than d-amphetamine.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Progestational agents and blood coagulation. VIII. Effect of low-dose, alternate-day, estrogen-progestin combinations on blood coagulation factors in man, with a special note on the effect of freezing of blood samples.

Changes in the blood coagulation system were studied in three groups of 20 patients each. The first group received 0.5 mg. of norethindrone daily, plus 0.06 mg. of ethinyl estradiol on alternate days from cycle Day 5 through 25. The second group, all of whom had been fitted with an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD), received no hormonal treatment and served as a control group. The third group received 0.5 mg. of norethindrone daily, combined with 0.045 mg. of ethinyl estradiol given on alternate days from cycle Day 5 through 25. Blood samples were drawn prior to the initiation of the study and after three months of treatment. Tests of the following parameters of the blood coagulation system were performed: direct platelet count; platelet adhesiveness; prothrombin time; thrombin time; fibrinogen; factor II assay; activity of factors V, VII, VIII, IX, and X; antithrombin III; and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products. For a number of these factors, both fresh and frozen blood samples were examined. It was concluded that the two treatment regimens, with the use of alternate-day estrogen administration over a three-month period, had no clinically significant effect on the blood coagulation system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Adenosine deaminase activity in patients with renal adenocarcinoma.

Erythrocyte and lymphocyte adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels were studied in 31 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Decreased lymphocyte ADA levels occurred in patients with RCC. Erythrocyte ADA levels were reduced only in blood type B and O patients. Nephrectomy resulted in a rise in lymphocyte and erythrocyte ADA levels. Progression of clinical disease was associated with a fall in lymphocyte ADA values in all patients and with a rise in erythrocyte levels only in blood type A patients. Our results suggest that changes in erythrocyte and lymphocyte ADA levels in RCC patients are acquired and may offer insight into host-tumor interactions.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1977

Surgical treatment of penile cancer: a follow-up report.

One hundred and fifteen patients with penile cancer were treated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1952 to 1975. A full follow-up is reported and factors involving the prognosis are analyzed. Although the clinical error of staging was near 30%, the lymphography results suggest that this study may result in added improvement in preoperative staging. Early diagnosis, adequate surgical resection, and lymph node dissection will improve the survival significantly. When dealing with an individual patient the prognosis is poor when any one or more of the follow factors are present: the lesion involves the shaft; there is a positive margin at the surgical resection; total penectomy is necessary to obtain tumor-free margin; lymphography is positive for tumor involvement of lymph nodes; lymph node dissection has not been performed; positive lymph nodes are found on surgical exploration. The good prognostic factors include: a lesion confined to the glans and partial penectomy is sufficient to obtain a tumor-free margin of resection; no clinical evidence (including lymphography) of lymph node invovlement; performance of lymph node dissection. The histological grading of the tumor should not influence the clinical decision for treatment in our opinion at this time, based on our current results. Further prospective studies of different factors involved in etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of penile cancer are suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Secondary involvement of the bladder in malignant lymphoma.

A study of 599 patients who had died of malignant lymphoma between 1952 and 1972 revealed involvement of the bladder in 13 per cent. Bladder involvement was always a secondary event, occurred in association with disseminated disease and was more common in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma than in Hodgkin's disease. Direct infiltration from adjacent pelvic foci as well as discrete apparent metastatic foci was noted. Involvement was usually microscopic although the presence of gross disease was invariably clinically manifest. Cystoscopy and cystography were valuable in the diagnosis of gross lesions. In contrast to primary vesical lymphoma the treatment of secondary vesical lymphoma was symptomatic and an operation was indicated rarely. Local radiotherapy was effective in treating the symptoms of secondary vesical lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Hormones in renal cancer.

Plasma renin, erythropoietin and chorionic gonadotropin levels were evaluated in 57 patients with renal adenocarcinoma. Renin elevation, found in 37 per cent, was unrelated to blood pressure levels but was associated with high grade, high stage lesions of mixed histologic cell type and predicted a poor prognosis. Erythropoietin was raised in 63 per cent of patients and was more sensitive than renin in indicating the presence of renal adenocarcinoma. However, it was less specific and did not correlate directly with tumor grade, stage, histologic type, prognosis or hematocrit and hemoglobin levels. None of the patients had elevated chorionic gonadotropin levels. Therefore, we believe that renin and erythropoietin determinations may be of value as biochemical tumor markers in renal adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Metastatic carcinomas from occult primary tumors. A study of 254 patients.

From 1950 to 1973, 254 patients with metastatic cancers from occult primary tumors, comprising 0.5% of all the referred cancer patients were seen. The average age was 59 years. Clinical presentation was commonly in the form of metastatic lesions in lung, cervical lymph node, bone or liver. Radiological and radioisotopic investigations proved helpful in determining the extent of disease rather than the origin of primary tumor. Adenocarcinoma was the commonest type, followed by undifferentiated and squamous cell carcinomas. The origin of the primary tumor was established in 77 (30%) patients, mostly at autopsy. It was in the lung in 40% of the cases, followed by stomach, pancreas, kidney, ovary and colon. Some correlation was found between clinical presentation and the origin of the primary tumor. Histologically different second cancers were detected in 28 (11%) patients. Overall median and five-year survival rates were nine months and nine per cent respectively. Longer survival was seen in patients with squamous cell carcinoma metastases, middle and upper neck lymph node lesions, and those who had "curative" surgery. In localized metastatic lesions, surgical extirpation should be done. Depending on the histological type of the metastatic lesions, chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy have definite roles in the management of these patients. Periodic follow-up examinations also prove valuable.

Adenocarcinoma↗