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Biomedical subjects

R H Michaels

Publications and source records attributed to R H Michaels.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Effect of previous infection on antibody response of children to vaccination with capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae Type b.

Children who had recovered from meningitis, orbital cellulitis, or epiglottitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b were immunized with capsular polysaccharide vaccine derived from that bacterium; some healthy siblings and adults who had not had H. influenzae infections were also vaccinated. Of 10 children who had had H. influenzae meningitis previously, only one had an antibody response to the vaccine. One child with prior H. influenzae orbital cellulitis also failed to respond. None of the children had detectable H. influenzae polysaccharide antigen in their bloodstream at the time of immunization. Two children who had had H. influenzae epiglottitis and six of seven controls without histories of H. influenzae infections responded immunologically to the vaccine. One of eight vaccinees under two years of age showed a response, and eight of 12 over two years responded well (P = 0.02). All four nonresponders over the age of two years had had H; influenzae meningitis or cellulitis. Children who had had H. influenzae meningitis responded less well to the polysaccharide vaccine than did other recipients of the vaccine; this difference could not be explained solely on the basis of age;

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1975

Adenovirus and ileocecal intussusception.

Intranuclear inclusion bodies were found by light microscopy in epithelial cells in more than one-third of the specimens from children operated on for ileocecal intussusception. Electron microscopic examination done on hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides showed the intranuclear inclusion bodies to be composed of viral particles in large and small crystalline arrays. Adenovirus of serotypes 2, 3, and 5 were isolated from the five cases with inclusions in which isolation was attempted. These findings strongly suggest a pathogenetic role for adenovirus in those cases of intussusception in which intranuclear inclusion bodies are found in the epithelial cells of the appendix or the terminal ileum.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1975

Hemophilus and pneumococcal peritonitis in children with the nephrotic syndrome.

Two children are reported whose nephrotic syndrome was complicated by peritonitis due to H. influenzae type b. In Pittsburgh, the leading organism for peritonitis in nephrosis remains D. pneumoniae with a disproportionately high incidence in black children. Although H. influenzae is a rare cause of this complication, it should be considered along with the other previously recognized etiological bacterial agents.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of Haemophilus influenzae type B disease among Navajo Indians.

During a 7-year period ending June 30, 1980, the annual incidence of all Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among Navajo children less than 5 years old was 214 per 100,000, and that of H. influenzae meningitis was 152 per 100,000. Eighty-one percent of H. influenzae meningitis occurred in children 12 months of age or younger, and 64 percent clustered in children ages 4 through 8 months. Meningitis accounted for 70 percent of all invasive disease. No epiglottitis was observed. The epidemiology is similar to that in Yupik Eskimos, who have an even higher rate of H. influenzae type b disease than Navajos but are a much smaller population. Mortality from H. influenzae meningitis was low (4 percent) among Navajo children, but neurological sequelae were observed in at least 16 percent of the survivors. This high rate of sequelae may be due in part to clustering of cases in infancy. Among normal Navajo neonates, 79 percent had maternal capsular type b antibody titers greater than or equal to 0.15 micrograms per deciliter (microgram per dl), and the whole group had a geometric mean titer of 0.51 micrograms per dl. By age 4 months, when meningitis cases became frequent, only 14 percent of Navajo infants had antibody titers greater than or equal to 0.15 micrograms per dl. Twelve of 67 asymptomatic infants (18 percent), each monitored every 2 months, had H. influenzae type b or a cross-reacting organism isolated from the pharynx on at least one occasion before they were 9 months old. Active immunization would be theoretically indicated in this population with high H.influenzae type b exposure and disease, but a vaccine would have to confer substantial immunity in very young infants.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacterial meningitis in Navojo Indians.

An analysis of 219 confirmed cases of bacterial meningitis among Navajo Indians during a 5-year period, July 1, 1968, through June 30, 1973, revealed that 56 percent were caused by Haemophilus influenzae, 26 percent by Neisseria meningitidis, 6 percent by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 6 percent by other organisms. The annual incidence of H. influenzae meningitis (17.7 per 100,000 persons) and that of pneumococcal meningitis (8.0 per 100,000) were much higher than the rates for these diseases reported from other population groups. The annual incidence of meningococcal meningitis (2.0 per 100,000) was similar to that found elsewhere. There was an ususual concentration of cases during the first year of life; 78 percent of H. influenzae, 64 percent of pneumococcal, and 50 percent of meningococcal meningitis occurred during this time. However, bacterial meningitis during the first month of life was not frequent (0.29 per 1,000 live births). Case fatality rates were similar to those reported for other population groups.

Adolescent↗