Association between HLA class II antigens and the chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome.
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Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic↗
Biomedical subjects
R H Keller
Publications and source records attributed to R H Keller.
How useful are cytomegalovirus cultures in patients with HIV infection?
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Cytomegalovirus↗
Regional adipocyte precursors in the female rat. Influence of ovarian factors.
A flow cytometric immunofluorescence procedure utilizing a specific antibody to rat adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was developed to quantify differentiated and undifferentiated preadipocytes present in the adipose tissue vascular stroma. This method is highly sensitive and specific for cells capable of synthesizing LPL in significant quantities. Pubescence in female rats was associated with an increase in differentiated preadipocytes and in fat cell number with enlargement of the fat depots in the perirenal, parametrial, and the subcutaneous dorsal and femoral regions. A concomitant decline in the percentage of undifferentiated preadipocytes occurred in all but the femoral depot. Ovariectomy reduced pubertal adipose growth in the femoral and parametrial but not the dorsal or perirenal regions. Furthermore, the femoral undifferentiated preadipocyte pool was not preserved in the ovariectomized animals. Thus, ovarian factors influence the pubescence-associated regional preadipocyte differentiation and conversion to adipocytes. The femoral depot contains an ovarian-dependent infinite pool of fat cell precursors. These features could account for the association between ovarian hormones and body fat topography.
Adipose Tissue↗
Clinical cytometry and immunophenotyping. I. Flow cytometric analysis of normal peripheral blood and bone marrow.
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Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Correlation of circulating natural killer cell count with prognosis in large cell lymphoma.
A monoclonal antibody recognizing a natural killer (NK) cell-associated antigen was used to sequentially quantify numbers of peripheral blood NK cells in a small group of patients with large cell lymphoma. Patients with active disease had low numbers (less than 100/mm3) of NK cells. Patients in complete remission after therapy had normal numbers of NK cells, but those patients who relapsed had a fall of NK cell number to less than 100/mm3 preceding or concurrent with clinical relapse. A role for NK cells in the surveillance and control of abnormal lymphoproliferation is suggested, as is the possible prognostic utility of sequential peripheral blood NK cell quantification in patients with large cell lymphoma.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Holding medium for cell surface phenotypic analysis.
Peripheral blood samples from 20 normal adults and 12 patients with diagnosed B cell lymphoproliferative disease were phenotyped with a panel of 20 monoclonal antibodies (Coulter) using a whole blood lysis technique at zero time and after storage in M199 containing insulin, transferrin and L-glutamine at 24, 48 or 72 h. The samples were analyzed using flow cytometry (EPICS V) to determine the percentage of positive events for each sample. A 2-way analysis of variance showed that there were no significant differences between the initial sample and those phenotyped after 24, 48 or 72 h. These data suggest that this medium can be utilized for the storage and transport of blood samples from patients and ensure satisfactory cell surface phenotypic analysis.
Adult↗
Immunoregulatory abnormalities in myelodysplastic disorders.
Immunoregulation was assessed in a group of patients with myelodysplasia (MDS) by flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and in vitro studies of mitogen-stimulated T-lymphocyte blastogenesis. Mitogenesis was significantly depressed in MDS patients compared to controls (p less than .001) and a similar defect was found in a small group of patients with untreated acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) (p less than .005). The impaired mitogenic response ability of T-cells in these patients did not appear to be the result of alteration in lymphocyte subpopulation ratios. The observed defect might result from defective cooperation between T-lymphocytes and abnormal myeloid elements. Alternatively, the lymphocytes themselves could be derived from the abnormal clone and thus be functionally abnormal.
Antigens, Surface↗
Myeloid cell surface phenotype in myelodysplasia: evidence for abnormal persistence of an early myeloid differentiation antigen.
A panel of monoclonal antibodies recognizing myeloid cell surface differentiation-associated antigens was used to study the peripheral blood myeloid population of 23 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and 23 controls. A marker for immaturity, defined by the presence of the antigen recognized by the My9 antibody, was found to persist on the surface of mature neutrophils in a subgroup of MDS patients. Abnormal My9 positivity was concentrated primarily, but not exclusively, in previously described morphologically defined subgroups of MDS patients considered to be at highest risk for leukemic conversion. Longitudinal study of a larger number of patients will be required to test the hypothesis that abnormal persistence of My9 may have prognostic significance.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Prolonged survival in Richter syndrome with subsequent reemergence of CLL: a case report including serial cell-surface phenotypic analysis.
The development of a large cell lymphoma in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Richter syndrome) is associated with a poor prognosis. There is dispute regarding the clonal origin of the large cell component. We described a patient in whom prolonged remission of the large cell component was achieved with combination chemotherapy, followed by subsequent reemergence of the less aggressive CLL clone. Serial cell surface phenotypic data are presented suggesting origin of both histologies from a common B-cell clone.
B-Lymphocytes↗
Flow cytochemical analysis of atopic reactions.
The technicon H-6000 has the unique ability among automated hematology systems to discriminate basophils from other hematopoietic cells on the basis of astra blue positivity of heparin-containing granules. We therefore examined the ability of this flow cytochemistry system to predict allergic diathesis in vitro by examining the number of basophils detected before and after incubation with a variety of allergens. One hundred subjects with documented atopic reactions to known allergens were examined and compared to 13 patients who had undergone successful desensitization and 12 normal subjects who had no history of atopy. One subject who had a previous anaphylactic response to penicillin but was skin-test negative to the major antigenic determinant demonstrated 55% degranulation after incubation with penicillin G. Finally, the basophil degranulation as assessed by the Technicon H-6000 was compared to a histamine release assay to determine the sensitivity of the automated system. The results suggest that flow cytochemistry may prove a valuable tool in predicting the success of desensitization therapy for common allergens and may have the potential to screen atopic reaction in the routine hematology laboratory.
Allergens↗
A simple device for the collection of cells sorted by flow cytometry.
A simple device for the collection of cells sorted by flow cytometry under sterile and nonsterile conditions is described. Cells collected in this manner reflect a high recovery rate with superior preservation of viability and cytomorphology. Key terms: Cell sorting, cytomorphology, testing collection device.
Flow Cytometry↗
Immunoregulation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: phenotypic and functional studies of bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes.
We examined the immunologic phenotype and function of bronchoalveolar lymphocytes isolated from 4 pigeon breeders who developed symptoms of hypersensitivity pneumonitis on exposure to pigeons, and 6 asymptomatic but equally exposed individuals. Similar numbers of bronchoalveolar lymphocytes were found in symptomatic breeders compared with the asymptomatic, and the percent of T11, T4, and T8 bearing cells as well as the T4/T8 ratios were similar in both groups. Despite these similarities, the groups had significantly different functional activity. Bronchoalveolar lymphocytes from symptomatic breeders demonstrated a marked (p less than 0.001) increase in blastogenic activity to both phytohemagglutinin and pigeon serum stimulation when compared with asymptomatic breeders. In addition, enriched bronchoalveolar T-cells suppressed the response of autologous preincubated peripheral blood lymphocytes to both phytohemagglutinin and pigeon serum in the asymptomatic compared with the symptomatic breeders. These studies suggest a discrepancy between the phenotype and function of immunoregulatory T-cell subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes in pigeon breeder's disease, and support a role for functional immunoregulatory imbalances in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.
Adult↗
Guidelines for immunotherapy of antigen-specific defects with transfer factor.
Dialyzable leukocyte extracts (DLE) containing transfer factor (TF) with documented specificity for one or more microbial antigens have shown previously variable clinical effectiveness in treating many infectious diseases caused by viruses, fungi, protozoa and mycobacteria. The efficacy has sometimes been strong, and at other times dubious, in treating patients with inherited or presumably "acquired" immunodeficiency diseases refractory to standard therapy. The recent development of assays for screening leukocyte donors of DLE, for monitoring recipients, and especially for determining the potency of various DLE preparations containing antigen-specific TF and for predicting the clinical course of disease have, in our hands, greatly improved the likelihood of successful immunotherapy with TF. Two representative cases are reported, one involving a patient with an antigen selective defect to Candida, and another involving a patient with an antigen selective defect to Mycobacterium fortuitum. Both patients responded as judged by laboratory tests and clinical improvement when treated with certain DLE preparations but not with others. Finally, certain DLE preparations appeared to suppress cell-mediated immunity in vivo and this suppression could be predicted by in vitro tests. Based on these results, guidelines for optimal therapy with DLE are proffered .
Adult↗
Suppressor macromolecules.
An amazing number of nonspecific and specific suppressor molecules that dampen immune reactivity have been described in the past two decades. This review, however, focuses on both nonspecific and specific endogenous suppressor macromolecules and attempts to group them into biochemically and functionally similar compartments. For the nonspecific inhibitors these groupings include normal serum protein suppressors; suppressor macromolecules found in altered states such as infectious disease, cancer, pregnancy, and malnutrition; and immunosuppressants derived from various tissues including both nonlymphoid and lymphoid tissue. In addition, suppressor macromolecules that display some degree of specificity are also included. The groupings for these proteins include those that are restricted in their response to a certain class of immunoglobulin antibody response, those that are restricted with respect to their actions by the major histocompatibility complex and those that are restricted with respect to antigen. Finally, this review attempts to rationalize the potential advantages and raison d'etre for conserving the plethora of both nonspecific and specific factors and speculates on their potential value in immune responses.
Animals↗
Altered immunoregulation in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. I. The absence of Con A-induced and spontaneous T suppressor cell activity in a patient and his kindred.
In vitro lymphocyte functions in a patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and his kindred were examined. The percentage and number of total peripheral blood T cells and the absolute number of FC gamma bearing T cells were decreased in the patient and family members compared to controls but the B cells and monocytes were normal. In addition, PHA and PWM stimulated proliferation were decreased. Decreased responsiveness to PWM was abrogated by preculturing PBMC in media alone before PWM stimulation. Decreased responsiveness to PHA was not reversed by a similar period of preculture. To further define the above abnormalities in immunoregulation we examined mononuclear subpopulations. In controls, adding purified T cells or Con A activated lymphocytes to autologous cultures which had been stimulated with PHA and PWM significantly decreased proliferative activity. No such suppressive activity of T cells or Con A activated cells from the patient or family members was noted. These data demonstrate an absent or functionally inactive spontaneous and Con A activated T suppressor cells in the family of a patient with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.
Adult↗
Fc gamma bearing T cells in non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
T-cell subpopulations have been implicated in the regulation of normal human B-cell reactivity. As the non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) represent predominantly clonal B-cell malignancies, we examined the relationship of total T-cell [Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC) binding] and Fc gamma bearing T-cell populations in these disorders. Peripheral blood from seven low-grade (Rai stage 0), six high-grade (Rai stage 3 or 4) CLL patients, lymph node specimens from five patients with WDLL, seven patients with PDLL-D, three patients with MC-D, and eight patients with DHL were studied. All values were compared to normal controls. The percentage of total T cells in each disease category was decreased compared to controls. In addition, there was a reproducible correlation between the percentage of Fc gamma bearing T cells and the histopathologic diagnosis. The percentage of Fc gamma bearing T cells was highest in low-grade CLL and decreased incremently from high-grade CLL and WDLL, to MC-D, and PDLL-D. In DHL, we found no Fc gamma bearing T cells. Finally, the percentage of Fc gamma bearing T cells in each disease category was decreased compared to controls. These findings suggest a correlation between Fc gamma bearing T cells and the clinical aggressiveness of disease in NHL. In addition, they may raise important questions about therapy. Finally, they may offer a useful clinical test as an adjunct to histopathology although this will need to be confirmed in larger series.
Humans↗
Recurrent clinical uveitis. Cell surface markers on vitreous lymphocytes.
The cell surface characteristics of vitreous mononuclear cells were determined in ten eyes with chronic idiopathic uveitis. Most of the cells had surface immunoglobulin, some exhibited phagocytosis; few formed E rosettes. This result suggests that most of the cells found in the vitreous of eyes with chronic idiopathic uveitis are B cells and macrophages; few T cells are present.
Adolescent↗
Immunoregulation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. I. Differences in T-cell and macrophage suppressor activity in symptomatic and asymptomatic pigeon breeders.
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Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic↗