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Biomedical subjects

R H Hunt

Publications and source records attributed to R H Hunt.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Cimetidine or vagotomy? Comparison of the effects of proximal gastric vagotomy, cimetidine and placebo on nocturnal intragastric acidity and acid secretion in patients with cimetidine resistant duodenal ulcer.

Nocturnal pH, acid output and volume of gastric secretion have been measured in a group of patients who were referred for surgery because of a poor clinical response to cimetidine. Patients were studied after no treatment, cimetidine 1 g/day and proximal gastric vagotomy. Although pH and acid output were controlled better with cimetidine than no treatment this was not true for volume of secretion. Vagotomy was significantly better than cimetidine in controlling pH, acid output and volume of gastric secretion. The results suggest that cimetidine non-responders should have a good result from proximal gastric vagotomy, making more radical forms of gastric surgery unnecessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Single nocturnal dose of an H2 receptor antagonist for the treatment of duodenal ulcer.

Twenty four hour intragastric acidity and nocturnal acid output have been measured over five separate 24 hour periods in each of 12 patients with duodenal ulcer receiving either placebo, cimetidine 400 mg bd, cimetidine 300 mg nocte, ranitidine 150 mg bd, or ranitidine 300 mg nocte. In these doses ranitidine was significantly more effective at decreasing intragastric acidity and nocturnal acid output than cimetidine. There was no significant difference between twice daily ranitidine and night time ranitidine or between twice daily cimetidine and night time cimetidine in the reduction of intragastric acidity. Nocturnal acid output was controlled significantly better with ranitidine at night, twice daily dosage of ranitidine, and cimetidine at night, than by the twice daily dosage of cimetidine. It is suggested that a single nocturnal dose of cimetidine or ranitidine should be evaluated in a clinical trial.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1983

Genetic observations on the taxon Anopheles (Cellia) pharoensis Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae).

A photomap of the ovarian polytene chromosomes from Anopheles pharoensis is presented. The arrangement shown is that found in populations from Zululand, South Africa, and represents the arbitrary standard for the taxon. Two X-chromosome arrangements exist in samples from allopatric natural populations. Crosses between females homozygous for the inverted arrangement, Xa, and males carrying the standard arrangement, X+a, give F1 males that are sterile. Females from this cross, and both males and females from the reciprocal cross, are fertile. The simplest hypothesis is that the two X-chromosome arrangements mark two species within the taxon An. pharoensis Theobald. The practical implications are briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Angiodysplasia of the colon. Experience of 26 cases.

26 patients referred for colonoscopy with unexplained anaemia or blood loss per rectum were found to have angiodysplasia located in the caecum and/or ascending colon. All patients had undergone previous extensive investigation. After endoscopic photography of the lesions coagulation and biopsy were carried out in 23 patients. In 3 patients the extent of the lesion demanded surgical management, and right hemicolectomy was carried out without prior coagulation biopsy, 3 other patients underwent surgery at a later date-2 for further bleeding and 1 for complications of coagulation biopsy. Colonoscopy with photography and coagulation biopsy proved a safe and effective approach to the management of angiodysplasia in the majority of patients. It provided successful treatment and confirmation of the diagnosis without resort to major surgery, which in elderly patients is associated with high morbidity and mortality.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Effect of transdermally administered hyoscine methobromide on nocturnal acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer.

Use of anticholinergic drugs in treatment of duodenal ulcers is limited by the side effects of widespread parasympathetic blockade evoked by usual therapeutic doses. A study was conducted into the effectiveness of transdermal delivery of hyoscine methobromide using a new system which releases the drug into the circulation at a controlled rate. In six patients whose duodenal ulcer had healed secretion of acid was measured over two nights, the first on placebo and the second on hyoscine methobromide. All patients responded to the active drug and showed a significant inhibition of acid secretion. Four subjects complained of a dry mouth after overnight treatment with hyoscine methobromide; no other side effects were reported. Transdermal delivery of anticholinergic drugs may be useful in maintenance treatment of duodenal ulcers and further clinical tests are indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Intragastric acidity, bacteria, nitrite, and N-nitroso compounds before, during, and after cimetidine treatment.

Eight healthy subjects were studied half-hourly or hourly for 24 h periods before, during, and after cimetidine treatment. No significant differences in intragastric bacterial counts or bacterial species or in intragastric nitrite or N-nitroso-compound concentrations were found as a result of cimetidine treatment. Bacterial counts and nitrite concentrations tended to increase with pH, but N-nitroso-compound concentrations did not. This study provides no evidence that cimetidine treatment may increase the risk of gastric carcinoma by raising N-nitroso-compound concentrations.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

Colonoscopic diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease.

The indications and limitations of colonoscopy in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease are well defined. The endoscopic examination is usually easily performed and well tolerated by the patient, but, since endoscopic examination of the colon is an invasive procedure (and potentially dangerous), colonoscopy should only be performed in those patients in whom the indication is clear and the benefits identifiable. Colonoscopy may provide valuable information in the diagnosis and may help outline the course of therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1982

Oxmetidine: clinical pharmacological studies with a new H2-receptor antagonist.

The gastric antisecretory effects of oxmetidine, a new H2-receptor antagonist, have been studied in 33 healthy subjects. The relative potency of oxmetidine compared with that of cimetidine depended on the route of administration and the experimental conditions. Oxmetidine intravenously infused was approximately four times as potent as cimetidine, weight for weight, in inhibiting impromidine stimulated gastric acid secretion but was twice as potent when food was used as a stimulus. After oral administration there were no differences in the weight-for-weight potency of oxmetidine and cimetidine, although oxmetidine was twice as potent on a molar basis. These apparent differences according to the route of drug administration are probably due to first pass metabolism of oxmetidine. There were no differences in the duration of action of oxmetidine and cimetidine. Twenty-four hour monitoring of intragastric pH showed that oxmetidine 400 mg twice daily reduced mean hourly 24 hour intragastric pH by 59%, suggesting that a twice daily dosage regimen should be evaluated in the treatment of duodenal ulceration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Angiodysplasia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Colon↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of the effects of ranitidine, cimetidine and placebo on the 24 hour intragastric acidity and nocturnal acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer.

Twenty-four hour intragastric acidity and nocturnal acid secretion were measured in 10 males with duodenal ulcer in four separate 24 hour studies, during which the subjects ate normal meals, had unrestricted physical activity, and consumed their customary quantities of tobacco. The medication consisted of either placebo, cimetidine 200 mg tds and 400 mg at night, or ranitidine 150 mg bd, or 200 mg bd. Ranitidine 150 mg bd decreased mean 24 hour hydrogen ion activity from 41.8 mmol/l to 13.1 mmol/l (-69%, P less than 0.001) and nocturnal acid output from 6.1 mmol/h to 0.6 mmol/h (-90%, P less than 0.01). This degree of inhibition was significantly greater than that due to cimetidine (P less than 0.001 for 24 hours acidity, less than 0.05 for night time acid output). Plasma concentrations of ranitidine were greater than the IC50 for more than eight hours after the 150 mg dose. Ranitidine 200 mg conferred no additional advantage. Ranitidine 150 mg bd should be tested in therapeutic trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of twice-daily ranitidine with standard cimetidine treatment of duodenal ulcer.

One hundred and three outpatients with endoscopically diagnosed duodenal ulcer were randomly allocated to treatment with either cimetidine 200 mg tds and 400 mg nocte, or ranitidine 150 mg bd for four weeks. The endoscopists were not aware of the treatment and took no part in the clinical management. On completion of treatment ulcers had healed in 43 of 51 (84%) patients given cimetidine and in 40 of 52 (77%) patients given ranitidine. There were no serious unwanted effects in either treatment group. The results show no significant difference between healing rates after four weeks of standard cimetidine therapy or ranitidine 150 mg bd.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The effect of ranitidine and cimetidine on the twenty-four hour intragastric acidity profile and nocturnal acid secretion in duodenal ulcer patients.

Ten duodenal ulcer patients were studied during four 36 h periods, receiving either ranitidine 150 mg twice daily, or ranitidine 200 mg twice daily, or cimetidine 200 mg t.d.s. and 400 mg at night, or placebo. Conditions during the four experimental days were standard. Mean 24 h intragastric hydrogen ion activity on placebo (41.8 +/- 1.5 mmol 1(-1)) was decreased to 21.6 +/- 1.2 mmol 1(-1) on cimetidine, and to 13.1 +/- 1.0 and 12.1 +/- 1.1 mmol 1(-1) by the two dose levels of ranitidine. Nocturnal acid output was decreased by 70% by cimetidine and by 90 and 89% by the two dose levels of ranitidine. In this test system ranitidine was more than four times as potent as cimetidine. Greater decreases in daytime acidity and nocturnal acid secretion were produced by twice-daily ranitidine than by the standard four daily doses of cimetidine

Administration, Oral↗