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Biomedical subjects

R H Green

Publications and source records attributed to R H Green.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Evaluation and eligibility of HLA-identical sibling donors for stem cell/bone marrow donation.

Overall, the number of allogeneic transplants performed world-wide has not increased dramatically over the past 5 years. However, the proportion of allogeneic transplants undertaken using peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) has risen significantly. Currently, as part of an ethically approved trial, potential donors are seen, assessed and consented by physicians not caring directly for the recipients. Thirty-five potential sibling donors were seen and assessed for their willingness and fitness to donate for 28 patients. One donor opted to give bone marrow and the rest selected PBPC donation. Seven of these donors were found to have concurrent medical conditions. Due to poor venous access, one donor was advised to donate bone marrow and two others donated bone marrow due to an underlying condition. Four others were deemed unfit for donation. Donation of stem cells from bone marrow or peripheral blood is not a risk-free procedure; careful preassessment and counselling is mandatory especially when the age of prospective patients and therefore donors is increasing.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Contribution of emphysema and small airways in COPD.

BACKGROUND: The contribution and role of emphysema and small airways disease in causing expiratory airflow limitation in COPD is controversial. METHODS: We obtained high-resolution thin-section 2-mm CT scans of the lung for emphysema grading and lung function in 116 consecutively seen COPD outpatients with fixed expiratory airflow limitation. In this group, inflated whole lung(s) were subsequently obtained in 24 patients (23 autopsy, 1 surgery) for morphologic studies and results compared with lung CT. Airway histologic condition was studied in 17 of the 24 patients. RESULTS: There was fair to weak negative correlation between CT emphysema score and either FEV1/FVC percent (r = -0.51, p = 0.001) or FEV1 percent predicted (r = -0.31, p = 0.001). In only 24 of the 81 patients (30%) with FEV1 less than 50% predicted, the CT emphysema score was 60 or more, indicating severe emphysema. In the 24 patients studied, there was a good correlation (r = 0.86, p = 0.001) between CT and pathologic grade of emphysema. While respiratory bronchioles (RBs) and membranous bronchioles (MBs) demonstrated marked morphologic abnormalities, there was a weak correlation with emphysema grade (for RB, r = 0.36, p = 0.16; for MB, r = 0.41, p = 0.10) or with FEV1 percent predicted (for RB, r = -0.21, p = 0.42; for MB, r = -0.28, p = 0.28). There was no correlation between emphysema and FEV1 percent predicted (r = -0.13, p = 0.54). CONCLUSIONS: High-resolution CT lung scans are an in vivo surrogate to quantitate moderate to severe morphologic emphysema. Emphysema does not appear to be primarily responsible for severe expiratory airflow limitation in most patients with severe COPD. There was no correlation between severity of small airway histologic condition and emphysema or FEV1 percent predicted. The causes of the lesions responsible for small airways obstruction need to be identified.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Politics, power and poverty: health for all in 2000 in the Third World?

Health for All by 2000 could become a reality in the Third World countries. On present resource allocation, medical professional and political patterns and trends that is unlikely to happen in more than a few countries. For it to happen requires basic priority shifts to universal access primary health care (including preventative). The main obstacles to such a shift are not absolute resource constraints but medical professional conservatism together with its interaction with elite interests and with political priorities based partly on perceived demand and partly on (largely medical) professional advice. These obstacles are surmountable-as illustrated by divergent performances among countries--but only if education, promotion, efficiency in terms of lives saved and healthy years gained, community participation and political activism for Health for All are more carefully analytically based and pursued more seriously and widely than they have been to date.

Developing Countries↗
PubMed1991

Malignant osteopetrosis: hypercalcaemia after bone marrow transplantation.

A 3 year old girl presented with malignant osteopetrosis, which was treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Successful engraftment was complicated by prolonged hypercalcaemia, which was controlled by a combination of a bisphosphonate, phosphate infusions, vigorous resalination, and salmon calcitonin. She was alive and well 16 months after the transplant.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1990

Recent advances in the generation of chiral intermediates using enzymes.

Different types of enzyme-catalyzed processes are reviewed, with particular regard to those procedures leading to the generation of chiral compounds of high optical purity. The main body of the review deals with hydrolyses and esterification as well as the reduction and oxidation of organic substrates. Other biotransformations of current and/or future importance in the synthesis of homochiral fine chemicals (such as the formation of carbon-carbon bonds using aldolases) are also discussed in some detail. Attention is drawn to current trends in the area and, to this end, a majority of the references are taken from journals published during the period April 1987 to September 1988.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1989

Power analysis and practical strategies for environmental monitoring.

What sample size n is needed to have 1 - beta chance of detecting a magnitude delta response to pollution impact? A design where the same sites are sampled both before and after impact is more efficient than a design where sites are reallocated for the after-impact sampling. Taylor's Power Law can be used to estimate the n necessary to achieve specified power for a wide range of variance-mean relationships. Solutions can easily be obtained where the error coefficient of variation and the percentage change due to impact are of interest rather than the error standard deviation and absolute change. Estimation of the n necessary to detect a hypothesized multivariate response can easily be done. When p response variables are uncorrelated and all respond equally to impact, the required n is approximately the same as for a univariate test using one of the variables. If only one of the p variables responds, n is approximately p times that number. However, if the variables are correlated and the vector of response differs from the natural variation, then the required sample size is smaller. In this circumstance the multivariate test can be very powerful.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed1985

Requirements for in vitro reconstruction of protein synthesis.

Translation of f2am3 RNA and MS2 RNA in a system containing purified ribosomes and precharged aminoacyl-tRNA, does not occur in the presence of the "known" initiation (IF-1, IF-2 and IF-3), elongation (EF-Tu, EF-Ts and EF-G) and termination (RF-1, RF-2) factors. Translation in this system requires at least three additional protein factors. These are EF-P and the rescue protein as well as a previously undescribed factor we call W, which is found in the high-salt ribosomal eluate.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1979

The treatment of postperfusion bleeding using epsilon-aminocaproic acid, cryoprecipitate, fresh-frozen plasma, and protamine sulfate.

The evaluation of excessive hemorrhage was carried out in 774 patients after cardiopulmonary bypass. Excessive hemorrhage was defined in any adult patient as chest tube drainage of more than 600 ml within the first eight hours after operation. Using the prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen level, and tri-F titer tests, it was possible to differentiate medical from surgical bleeding. Hyperfibrinolytic bleeding was the most frequently identifiable coagulation disorder and occurred in 159 patients (20%). All these patients were successfully treated with Amicar (epsilon-aminocaproic acid) alone, or with Amicar supplemented with cryoprecipitate or fresh-frozen plasma. Three patients (0.4%) were noted to have residual heparin and required additional protamine sulfate. Five patients (0.6%) had normal coagulation studies and required immediate reexploration. The overall blood consumption per patient was 2.1 units of packed cells. Whole blood and platelets were not used.

Aminocaproates↗
PubMed1979

Glycocalyceal bodies and microvillous core rootlets: their value in tumor typing.

An ultrastructural study of the cell surface of lumen-forming tumors was carried out to determine the distribution of two morphologic markers seen in relation to the microvilli. These are membrane-bound glycocalyceal bodies and microvillous filament cores that penetrate the underlying cytoplasm as rootlets. They were found (especially when in combination) to be valuable in identifying tumors of what is referred to as intestinal-type epithelium, and could be seen in cases in which brush borders were absent. They have been demonstrated in intestinal-type carcinomas of the stomach and gallbladder, in adenocarcinomas of the small and large intestines and pancreatic ducts, in mucin-forming bronchiolar carcinomas, and in certain mucinous ovarian and endocervical tumors. Other tumors, whether mucin-producing or not, have been found to consistently lack these structures.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

An experimental collection service for pathology specimens.

The use of laboratory services made by a group of general practitioners was compared before, during and after the provision of a free collection service for transporting specimens and results between the practices and the laboratory.In comparison with the use of a control group of general practitioners, the study group made a sharply increased use of the laboratory during the 33-week survey period. In addition, both the practices. The laboratory staff welcomed the service.

Laboratories↗
PubMed1974

The association of viral activation with penicillin toxicity in guinea pigs and hamsters.

PENICILLIN TOXICITY IN THE GUINEA PIG MAY BE MANIFESTED IN SEVERAL DIFFERENT WAYS, AND IT IS PROPOSED THAT THESE TOXIC EFFECTS BE CATEGORIZED INTO THREE SYNDROMES: (1) toxic syndrome, characterized by acute fatal illness; (2) hemorrhagic syndrome, characterized by delayed illness with leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and culminating in massive visceral hemorrhages; (3) chronic syndrome, characterized by retardation of growth and alopecia, a condition somewhat resembling "runt disease." A virus having some of the properties of a parvovirus has been isolated repeatedly from animals ill or dying of penicillin-induced disease. This finding has been construed as being activation of a latent virus by this antibiotic, but the relationship, if any, of the phenomenon of viral activation to the syndromes produced by penicillin and its frequent lethal toxicity is unknown. That a strong association exists, however, has been established. Of some 60 guinea pigs which received injections of penicillin three developed tumors and four others were found to have gallstones. A virus similar or identical to the guinea pig virus also has been isolated from hamsters dying of penicillin-induced disease. It is hypothesized that the absorption of endotoxin, resulting from the well known change in intestinal flora caused by penicillin, produces a state of immunodeficiency which regularly gives rise to activation of a latent virus, and perhaps, rarely, to the development of malignant neoplasms.

Acute Disease↗