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Biomedical subjects

R H Ackerman

Publications and source records attributed to R H Ackerman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Preliminary imaging results with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose.

Transverse section imaging with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2FDG) is of considerable interest because quantitative values of regional glucose metabolism may be obtained. We present preliminary results using 2FDG produced by the Brookhaven National Laboratory and imaged with the PCII at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Three studies are reported showing the distribution in dog, monkey, and in brain of an essentially normal patient.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis.

The clinical course of 16 consecutive patients with stenosis of the middle cerebral artery angiographically diagnosed between 1970 and 1977 was reviewed. All were managed nonsurgically with medical treatment including anticoagulation. Prior to therapy, transient ischemic attacks had occurred in 15 and cerebral infarction in 11. Initially, none exhibited more than a minor neurological deficit. Follow-up from one month to six years showed a benign course in 14 patients: 13 experienced no subsequent transient attacks or new stroke; 1 had repeated transient attacks for two years but not in the following four years. Two of the 16 developed a severe stroke early in the course, before medical therapy was started. No distinctive clinical or radiographic features were identified that permitted prediction of the outcome. This small series supports the need for a randomized study of bypass efficacy in these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Mechanisms of acute carotid stroke.

In a three-year study, the clinical course and results of intracranial angiography were compared in patients having an acute stroke in the carotid artery territory combined with angiographic abnormalities indicating severe extracranial carotid stenosis or occlusion. Two major mechanisms of stroke were delineated. In one group, the angiographic intracranial abnormalities strongly suggested the presence of embolism in the cerebral vessels supplied by the stenotic or occluded carotid artery; many of these patients had no obvious transient ischemic attacks prior to their stroke and experienced a moderate to severe clinical deficit. In the other group, evidence of embolism was absent; many showed a widespread delay in cerebral arterial perfusion, experienced a greater frequency of transient ischemic attacks before their stroke, and had a milder stroke than did those with embolism.

Carotid Artery Diseases↗
PubMed1977

Computed tomography of cerebral infarction: hemorrhagic, contrast enhancement, and time of appearance.

Large confluent petechial hemorrhages and/or hemorrhage within infarct may be seen on CT scan. Small petechial hemorrhages are not resolved by current equipment and techniques. Elevation of absorption values of an infarct following contrast media primarily occurs in the first month after onset, and may be occasionally confused with a tumor. Sequential CT changes in infarcts correlate well with established pathologic changes. Cerebral infarction may be seen on CT scan in some cases as early as 24--48 hr after its onset.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1976

Some limitations of computed tomography in the diagnosis of neurological diseases.

Some of the limitations of CT in the diagnosis of neurologic disease are reported. Problem areas include small lesions; lesions obscured by adjoining structures; small vascular structures and detail of large vessels; cases in which the diagnosis is made but information is incomplete for treatment; cases of incorrect diagnosis; non-nenoplastic lesions mistaken for neoplasms; some subdural hematomas; occasional false negative findings; and misinterpretation due to technical errors. Knowledge and use of the clinical presentation, the performance of other complementary diagnostic procedures, repeat CT scans tailored to the region of interest, and repeat serial scans may assist in reaching the proper diagnosis and diminishing potential error.

Computers↗
PubMed1976

CSF enhancement for computerized tomography.

Metrizamide cisternography, combined with hypocycloidal tomography, has been performed in 12 patients with possible posterior fossa or parasellar mass lesions with finely detailed images of the basal cisterns resulting. Computed tomography was performed in nine of these patients and produced exceptional images of the cisternal anatomy. The technique of cerebrospinal fluid enhancement may be efficacious in identifying small basal masses not shown with conventional computed tomography, and thus may form an important complement to enhancement by intravenous injection of contrast medium.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Positron imaging of cerebral blood flow during continuous inhalation of C15O2.

This investigation tests the hypothesis that the normal cerebral image obtained non-invasively during continuous inhalation of C15O2 is related to cerebral blood flow. Trace amounts of CO2 labeled with the positron-emitting radionuclide 15O were administered to 4 normal subjects at normo- and hypocapnia and to 2 of these subjects at hypercapnia. Hypocapnia typically caused a marked decrease in cerebral 15O activity, and hypercapnia a small increase in activity. The relative difference in the change in count rate in response to hypo- and hypercapnia is what one would expect if the activity represented bloow flow, according to a mathematical model which assumes the 15O label enters the brain as water of perfusion. The findings in this study suggest that the normal cerebral image obtained during continuous inhalation of C15O2 is related to cerebral blood flow, but in a non-linear fashion, and that the technique would be more sensitive to ischemic events than to hyperemic phenomena.

Adult↗