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Biomedical subjects

R Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to R Gupta.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Acute arterial spasm in an extremity caused by inadvertent intra-arterial injection successfully treated in the emergency department.

We present a case of limb ischemia in a young man. For acute alcohol withdrawal, this patient was given chlordiazepoxide (Librium) through an angiocatheter inadvertently placed into a brachial arterial line. This caused severe spasm of the brachial artery and its branches. These findings were confirmed by angiography. Successful treatment occurred with intra-arterial papaverin.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Alumina-supported synthesis of antibacterial quinolines using microwaves.

7-(5'-Alkyl-1',3',4'-thiadiazol/oxadiazol-2'-ylthio)-6 -fluoro-2,4-dimethylquinolines and 3-formyl-2-(2'-hydroxy- 1',4'-naphthoquinon-3'-yl)-4-methyl/6-methyl/7-quinolines have been synthesised by the reaction of 5-alkyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol/oxadiazol-2-thiols with 7-chloro-6-fluoro-2,4-dimethylquinoline and by the reaction of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone with 2-chloro-3-formyl-4-methyl/6-methyl/7-methyl/8-methylquinolines respectively on basic alumina using microwaves, the reaction time has been brought down from hours to seconds with improved yield as compared to conventional heating. The compounds were tested for their in vitro antibacterial activity. All compounds showed promising antibacterial activity. The best activity was observed by compounds 3a and 3f.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed2000

Junction phosphate is derived from the precursor in the tRNA spliced by the archaeon Haloferax volcanii cell extract.

RNA splicing in archaea requires at least an endonuclease and a ligase, as is the case for the splicing of eukaryal nuclear tRNAs. Splicing endonucleases from archaea and eukarya are homologous, although they differ in subunit composition and substrate recognition properties. However, they all produce 2',3' cyclic phosphate and 5'-hydroxyl termini. An in vitro-transcribed, partial intron-deleted Haloferax volcanii elongator tRNA(Met) has been used to study splicing by H. volcanii cell extracts. Substrates and products were analyzed by nearest neighbor analyses using nuclease P1 and RNase T2, and fingerprinting analyses using acid-urea gels in the first dimension and gradient thin layer chromatography in the second dimension. The results suggest that 2',3' cyclic phosphate at the 3' end of the 5' exon is converted into the splice junction phosphate forming a 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. This resembles the animal cell type systems where the junction phosphate preexists in the transcript, and differs from yeast type systems, where GTP is the source of junction phosphate.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2000

Antimicrobial resistance among urinary tract infection (UTI) isolates in Europe: results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program 1997.

The SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program was established to monitor the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens via an international network of sentinel hospitals. Twenty European hospitals referred a total of 887 urinary tract infection (UTI) isolates to the European SENTRY reference laboratory during the period October-December 1997. Ninety percent of the referred species were represented by Escherichia coli (52%), Enterococcus spp. (12%), Klebsiella spp. (7%), Proteus spp. (7%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7%), and Enterobacter spp. (5%). The susceptibility of E. coli isolates to penicillins was less than 60%, while almost all of the isolates were susceptible to piperacillin/tazobactam (98% susceptibility), cephalosporins (98%), and carbapenems (100%). Amikacin was the best aminoglycoside (99.8% susceptibility). The susceptibility to quinolones was only 88-89%, with highest levels of resistance observed for isolates from Portugal, Italy, England, The Netherlands, and some centers in France, Spain, and Poland. The susceptibility of Klebsiella spp. to the newer generations of cephalosporins was 82-95% and to the carbapenems 100%. Amikacin was again the best aminoglycoside (94% susceptibility). The susceptibility of Enterobacter spp. to any beta-lactam antibiotic was poor, except for the carbapenems (100% susceptibility) and cefepime (90% susceptibility), while the susceptibility to aminoglycosides was 80-89%. Proteus spp. showed complete susceptibility to cefepime, ceftriaxone, the carbapenems, and piperacillin/tazobactam, while the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolates was poor, with best results for the carbapenems (susceptibility 89%), piperacillin/tazobactam (susceptibility 84%), and amikacin and ticarcillin (susceptibility to both 80%). Enterococcus spp. showed the highest susceptibility to vancomycin (98%), teicoplanin (98%), and ampicillin (94%).

Candida↗
PubMed2000

Comparison between low and high pressure suction drainage following axillary clearance.

AIM: We report the comparison of low (Exudrain) and high pressure (Redivac) drains in 69 patients following mastectomy and axillary clearance. METHODS: Volume of drainage was recorded daily for 8 days postoperatively. RESULTS: Comparison of daily drainage revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). There were no complications specific to the drains and we found similar numbers of infective complications in both groups. Hospital stay was also similar in the two groups (P=0. 70). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the two drainage systems are equally effective in their drainage abilities although use of the low pressure may have an advantage over the high pressure system as it obviates the need for bottle changes and therefore requires less time and effort to manage.

Axilla↗
PubMed2000

Antibiotic prophylaxis for post-operative wound infection in clean elective breast surgery.

Antibiotic prophylaxis has been used to good effect in the prevention of post-operative wound infections in patients undergoing gastrointestinal operations. We have assessed the use of a single dose of intravenous antibiotic (Augmentin 1.2 g), given with induction of anaesthesia as prophylaxis, against post-operative wound infection in women undergoing clean, elective breast surgery. Three hundred and thirty-four patients were recruited. Of the 164 receiving antibiotic prophylaxis 29 (17.7%) had wound infections compared with 32 (18.8%) in the placebo group (P=0.79). There were no significant differences in any other post-operative infective complications. Antibiotic prophylaxis is probably not required in clean, elective breast surgery.

Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination↗
PubMed2000

The effect of sunscreen on the efficacy of insect repellent: a clinical trial.

Sunscreen loses efficacy when used with the insect repellent N,N -diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (diethyltoluamide; deet). A previous study demonstrated a 33.3% decrease in sun protection factor when insect repellent and sunscreen were applied sequentially to the skin. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the efficacy of insect repellent is affected by two different formulations of sunscreen. The combination of sunscreen and insect repellent was tested in 8 groups: a control group (no sunscreen or insect repellent), sunscreen alone (two groups [gel and cream]), insect repellent alone, insect repellent applied before sunscreen (two groups), and insect repellent applied after sunscreen (two groups). The results of this study showed that insect repellent has the same efficacy even when sunscreen is applied with it. This indicates that in the formulations tested, sunscreen does not reduce the efficacy of insect repellent.

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed2000

Limited contact dynamic compression in diaphyseal fractures of the humerus: good outcome in 51 patients.

We reviewed 51 plate fixations for fracture of the humeral diaphysis managed during the last 3 years. The indications for surgery included non-union, delayed union, polytrauma, neurological involvement and inadequate reduction. All the fractures were stabilized with a Limited Contact Dynamic Compression Plate (LCDC Plate). We found that this plate gave adequate rotational and vertical stability to the fracture. 48 fractures healed after median 2.5 months. Early evidence of callus formation indicated minimal compromise with the vascularity of bone which may be attributed to the undercut design of the plate, causing relatively less cortical ischemia. In addition, the plate fixation was associated with fewer complications, as compared to those reported with intramedullary nailing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Antimicrobial susceptibility and frequency of occurrence of clinical blood isolates in Europe from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program, 1997 and 1998.

As part of the European arm of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 25 European university hospitals referred 9613 blood isolates for in vitro testing against >20 antimicrobial agents. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the 5 most frequent isolates and accounted for two-thirds of all referrals, with minor regional variation. Of these, approximately 0.36% of E. coli and 16.7% of K. pneumoniae isolates proved to be potential extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers, and their incidence clearly varied regionally. Quinolone resistance was detected among gram-negative species; in particular, P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter species. Considerable regional variation was observed in the incidences of methicillin resistance in S. aureus and penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. The incidence of vancomycin resistance in enterococci was relatively low overall and primarily associated with Enterococcus faecium. However, extrapolation of these data to smaller and nonteaching hospitals should be undertaken with caution, since resistance rates may be lower in these facilities.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

A comparison of quantitative measures of arterial tortuosity using sine wave simulations and 3D wire models.

This paper discusses the quantitative measurement of arterial tortuosity. The measures described are a tortuosity coefficient, TC, based on the second derivative of the vessel midline and the distance factor, DF, defined as L/D - 1, where L is the vessel length and D is the straight line distance between the vessel end points. A tortuosity scale derived from sine wave simulations was used to determine the ability of these two measures to quantify tortuosity. The tortuosity coefficient was demonstrated to be an appropriate measure whilst the distance factor was found to be a measure of vessel elongation rather than tortuosity. A tomographic method of deriving three-dimensional measures of TC and DF is described using a wire model. The x, y coordinates along the length of the wire were obtained from CT slices and the three-dimensional values calculated as the geometric mean of the TC and DF values measured in the x and y directions. Rotation of the wire through 90 degrees demonstrated that the three-dimensional derivations of TC and DF were independent of the orientation of the wire.

Arteries↗
PubMed2000

Thyrotoxicosis in a patient with submandibular thyroid.

Ectopic thyroid glands generally appear in the midline due to abnormal median migration; their presence lateral to the midline is rare. We report the case of a 42-year-old female who presented with symptoms of thyrotoxicosis and an expanding submandibular swelling. Tc-99m-sodium pertechnetate scanning showed thyroid tissue in the left submandibular region, while no thyroid tissue was seen in the normal site. The patient was treated with 10 mCi of 131I and subsequently became euthyroid. Literature review revealed seven cases of lateral aberrant thyroid tissue. The theories to explain lateral aberrant thyroid are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Complexation ion-exchange chromatography of some metal ions on papers impregnated with Ti(IV)-based inorganic ion exchangers.

The chromatographic behavior of 40 metal ions is studied on titanium (IV) arsenate, titanium (IV) phosphate-, titanium (IV) molybdate-, titanium(IV) tungstate-, and titanium(IV) selenite-impregnated papers in 0.1M oxalic, citric, and tartaric acid as mobile phases. Similar studies are carried out on Whatman No. 1 papers for comparison. The ion-exchange capacity of these papers is determined, and their selectivity for different cations is discussed. The mechanism of migration is explained in terms of ion-exchange, precipitation, and adsorption. The prediction of elution sequence from RF values is also checked. The average Ri is found to be almost linearly dependent on the charge of the metal ions. The effect of the pKa of complexing acids on average RF values of 3d series metal ions is explained. A number of binary and ternary separations are achieved.

Cation Exchange Resins↗
PubMed2000

Brown tumor of the sternum: a potential source of false-positive Tl-201 and Tc-99m subtraction imaging in the mediastinum.

Tl-201 and Tc-99m subtraction imaging is a well-established technique for detecting parathyroid adenomas. We report a case of a brown tumor of the upper sternum mimicking an ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenoma on Tl-201 and Tc-99m subtraction imaging in a patient with hyperparathyroidism. This brown tumor showed Tl-201 uptake but not Tc-99m uptake and thus did not subtract out in this scan.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2000

Dual thyroid ectopy: case report and review of the literature.

Dual ectopic thyroid glands rarely occur, and only six cases have been reported in the literature. The authors describe a 14-year-boy who had a midline neck swelling for 8 to 9 years. The swelling increased gradually, but he had no pressure symptoms. The thyroid hormone profile showed a moderately increased thyroid-stimulating hormone value and normal T3 and T4 levels. A Tc-99m sodium pertechnetate thyroid scan showed dual ectopic thyroid glands in the sublingual and subhyoid regions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Nephroptosis: the Tc-99m glucoheptonate scan as a diagnostic method.

A 40-year-old man was examined because he was a potential "healthy" renal donor. However, the routine work-up before surgery revealed hypertension, although there was no family history of this condition. The patient was examined to exclude secondary causes of hypertension. Tc-99m glucoheptonate renal imaging showed nephroptosis of the right kidney when the patient was standing, and this may have been the cause of the hypertension.

Adult↗