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Biomedical subjects

R Guijarro

Publications and source records attributed to R Guijarro.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The effects of time on pH and gas values in the blood contained in the umbilical cord.

BACKGROUND: The pH and gas analysis of umbilical cord blood is an accepted practice in most maternity hospitals. The data that is obtained after a latency period in processing the cord blood samples is evaluated to determine whether it is useful for the clinic. METHODS: The umbilical cords from 50 term infants were clamped immediately after delivery. Samples of artery and vein blood were drawn 5, 60, and 120 min postpartum and pH, pO2, and pCO2 levels were measured. RESULTS: No significant differences were found after 60 min in the average values for pH in the arterial and venous paired samples, though the arterial and venous pCO2 values declined significantly. The arterial pO2 values increased significantly. After 120 min, no significant differences in the average values for the venous pH and pO2 paired samples were found. The arterial pH values increased significantly, however, and the arterial and venous pCO2 values declined significantly. The arterial pO2 values increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Though statistically significant differences occurred over time, these changes were so modest clinically that the data could still be used even when an immediate analysis of the umbilical cord was not possible.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

In vitro tracheal hyperresponsiveness to muscarinic receptor stimulation by carbachol in a rat model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

1 Bleomycin-induced lung injury is widely used as an experimental model to investigate the pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis but the alterations in the pharmacological responsiveness of airways isolated from bleomycin-exposed animals has been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro tracheal responses to muscarinic receptor stimulation with carbachol in a rat bleomycin model. 2 Concentration-response curves to carbachol (10 nm to 0.1 mm) were obtained in tracheal rings isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats 14 days after endotracheal bleomycin or saline. The intracellular calcium signal in response to carbachol (10 microm) was measured by epifluorescence microscopy using fura-2 in primary cultures of tracheal smooth muscle cells from bleomycin- and saline-exposed rats. Circulating plasma tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha/interleukin (IL)-1beta levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 3 Maximal contraction in response to carbachol was significantly greater in tracheal rings from bleomycin-exposed rats compared with controls (15.8 +/- 1.3 mN vs. 11.8 +/- 1.4 mN; n = 19, P < 0.05). 4 Carbachol (10 microm) elicited a transient increase of intracellular calcium with greater increment in tracheal smooth muscle cells from bleomycin-exposed rats compared with controls (372 +/- 42 nmvs. 176 +/- 20 nm; n = 7, P < 0.01). 5 Circulating plasma levels of TNF-alpha/IL-1beta were augmented in bleomycin-exposed rats compared with controls. Tissue incubation with TNF-alpha (100 ng ml(-1))/IL-1beta (10 ng ml(-1)) increased in vitro tracheal responsiveness to carbachol. 6 In conclusion, tracheal contraction in response to muscarinic receptor stimulation with carbachol was increased in bleomycin-exposed rats. This in vitro cholinergic hyperresponsiveness may be related to the augmented levels of inflammatory cytokines in bleomycin-exposed rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows treated with cloprostenol at the time of insemination.

The effect of intravenous cloprostenol treatment at the time of insemination on reproductive performance was consecutively evaluated in three different subpopulations of high producing lactating dairy cows: Study (1) early postpartum synchronized and fixed-time inseminated (about 50 days in milk) cows (n = 379: 187 control and 192 treated cows); Study (2) presumed high fertility cows first inseminated between 90 and 120 days postpartum (n = 248: 124 control and 124 treated cows); and Study (3) heat stressed repeat breeder cows (n = 183: 93 control and 90 treated cows). Data were analyzed using multiple regression methods. Study 1: Parity (primiparous versus multiparous), milk production, body condition score at AI, insemination season (cool versus warm period) and treatment were included in the analysis as potential factors affecting ovulation, double ovulation, return to estrus, and pregnancy to first AI and to second AI (first AI plus return AI) rates. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the final model for ovulation rate only included the interaction (P = 0.002) between insemination season and treatment. Cloprostenol treatment at insemination led to a 4.2-fold increase in the ovulation rate in cows inseminated during the warm period. There were no significant effects of treatment, parity, milk production, body score or the insemination season on the return to estrus rate. The only variables included in the final logistic model for double ovulation and pregnancy to first AI rates were treatment and season, respectively. Treatment led to a 2.6-fold increase (P = 0.001) in the double ovulation rate, whereas cows inseminated in the warm period were 2.1 times less likely (P = 0.007) to become pregnant at first AI compared to those inseminated in the cool season. The variables included in the final logistic model for the pregnancy rate to second AI were treatment and season. Cloprostenol given at AI increased the risk of pregnancy 1.9 times (P = 0.002), and cows inseminated during the warm season were two times less likely to become pregnant (P = 0.003). No significant interactions were found among these three dependent variables (double ovulation and pregnancy to first and to second AI rates). Study 2: Logistic regression analysis of all the dependent variables: return to estrus, and pregnancy to first and to second AI (first AI plus return to AI) rates indicated no significant effects of treatment, parity, days in milk, milk production or body score at AI. No significant interactions were found. Study 3: The final model for the pregnancy rate only included the interaction between parity (primiparous versus multiparous) and treatment. Days in milk, milk production and insemination number showed no significant effect on pregnancy rate. Cloprostenol treatment at insemination increased the pregnancy rate in primiparous repeat breeder cows (odds ratio: 3.6). The treatment group and parity showed significant (P < 0.0001) interaction. This interaction suggests that cloprostenol treatment of primiparous cows at insemination might enhance pregnancy yet have no effect in multiparous cows. Our findings indicate that cloprostenol administered at insemination promotes ovulation and double ovulation in lactating dairy cows. Cloprostenol treatment showed no benefit in cows with acceptable reproductive performance, suggesting that cloprostenol treatment at AI may only be useful in cows in which stress factors affect ovulation and in repeat breeder cows.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Videothoracoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma with associated pleural effusions.

Between 1985 and 1994 46 of 662 patients examined by thoracoscopy for secondary malignant pleural effusion were diagnosed to have diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma. Mean patient age was 59 years, with a male: female ratio of 5:1. The right hemithorax was more frequently involved than the left (55% versus 45%). Pleural fluid cytology revealed malignancy in 61.5% of cases. All patients were treated thoracoscopically by talc pleurodesis. Mean patients survival was 9.4 months. Survival after one, two, and 5 years was 37.5%, 12.5%, and 5%, respectively. The characteristics of mesothelioma and pleural effusion evident in thoracoscopy and their diagnostic relevance are discussed. We suggest talc instillation as the sole therapeutic maneuver in evolutioned cases, since the literature and our own experience indicate that survival is not significantly prolonged by more aggressive surgical approaches.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[The so-called malignant pleural effusion: a new review of direct data obtained with diagnostic pleuroscopy].

We analyze a series of 896 thoracoscopies for pleural effusion, of which 78% (662/896) were due to pleural carcinomatosis, primary or metastatic. Pleural malignancy was observed mainly, in the right hemithorax (65%), arising from tumors within the diaphragm. The likelihood of finding pleural metastasis in lung cancer was 77%. When the pleural effusion is slight (less than 500 ml) the likelihood falls to 22%. We therefore advise thoracoscopy in the former and thoracotomy in the latter. Blood-stained effusion continues to have the worst prognosis (84% stemming from metastasis) and signifies an advanced stage of pleural metastasis. The pleura parietal is involved in 69% of pleural carcinomatosis cases, and in 80% when the lower hemithorax or the area around breast or lung tumors are involved. The cytology yield was 45.9%, though always depending on extent of metastasis. When metastasis was slight, the likelihood of positive cytology was less (19%) and when metastasis was generalized throughout the entire pleura the likelihood increased to 73%. We found no reason to think that the cells in most pleural liquids are able to nest and form tumoral niches. The origin of such cell nests was rather found to be in shedding from the metastases themselves, from lung tumors or from carcinomatous lymphangitis by lymphatic obstruction. The diagnostic yield of thoracoscopy once again proved to be superior to that of pleural biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Videothoracoscopy in staging of lung cancer].

We present a review of 108 cases of lung cancer in patients who, for a variety of reasons outlined in this report, underwent video assisted thoracoscopy prior to staging. Overall results of the procedure were positive in 94%. We report the usefulness of this tool for identifying adenopathic locations, for effecting biopsies of tumors that could not be typed by other means, for resecting peripheral nodules for screening purposes, and for making etiological diagnoses of accompanying pleural effusions. For diagnostic purposes, this procedure provides a better image than does conventional thoracoscopy, involves the participation of an endoscopy team and even calls for the presence of a pathologist. We consider video assisted thoracoscopy to be a highly effective tool for avoiding so-called pointless thoracotomies and for completing alternative treatments. Its cost effectiveness is indisputable, as are its low rates of morbidity and mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Pulmonary leiomyosarcoma].

We present the case of a young patient with leiomysarcoma of the lung that was at first diagnosed as a hydatid cyst. Pathological tissue analysis was needed for firm diagnosis. This rare tumor, of which fewer than 100 cases have been reported worldwide in the literature, needs to be considered as a differential diagnosis when lung cancer is suspected, given that leiomysarcoma has a better prognosis. Treatment is mainly surgical.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Thoracoscopic pericardial fenestration: diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.

The cause of cardiac tamponade is only established in 50% of cases. This problem is most commonly treated by pericardiocentesis alone, pericardiotomy being reserved for cases of recurrence and pericardiectomy for those patients presenting with constrictive pericarditis. A series of 16 patients treated with pericardial fenestration via a thoracoscope is presented. Pericardial and pleural biopsies were performed, together with cytological and biochemical analysis of the pericardial and pleural fluid where present. This procedure established the aetiology of effusion in all cases. In malignant pericardial effusion bleomycin was used for pericardial sclerosis. This resulted in fewer recurrences than in those patients where sclerosis was not attempted (12.5% v 60%).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Total fundoplication with or without gastroplasty for gastroesophageal reflux: comparative study.

The results of clinical, radiographic, manometric, and pH-metric studies of two groups of patients with reflux esophagitis treated by total (Nissen) fundoplication with or without a Collis esophagus-lengthening gastroplasty were compared. On postoperative follow-up, clinical recurrence of gastrophageal reflux was found in 5 of the 76 patients in the Nissen group, whereas none of the 46 patients in the Collis-Nissen group had reflux. A dramatic reduction in the clinical score was observed for all patients, and postoperative clinical morbidity was similar in both groups. Postoperative radiographic recurrence of hiatal hernia was found in 11 of 60 patients in the Nissen group, but not in any of the patients in the Collis-Nissen group. The lower esophageal sphincter pressure was significantly increased after operation in both groups (p less than 0.05). The postoperative "common cavity test" and acid reflux test were positive in 9% of the patients having Nissen fundoplication alone and 11% of those having the Collis-Nissen procedure; in the latter group, both tests were positive in only 1 asymptomatic patient. These results demonstrate that the standard Nissen repair is a good surgical technique for management of uncomplicated reflux esophagitis and that the Collis-Nissen procedure is the most effective method of surgical repair for almost all patients with complicated reflux esophagitis.

Adolescent↗