Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Gueguen.
Vitamin A nutritional status as assessed by carotenoid and vitamin A assays in sera collected in various parts of Cameroon prooved to be of good value. Palm oil rich diets lead to high seric carotenoid concentrations and tissular accumulation which is particularly visible on the palms and soles of melanodermic and albinos subjects.
Some global results are presented here several studies of psychosociology conducted in Lorraine; they deal with attitudes and expectations of the people about their health and are obtained from a special factor analysis. This method, of a descriptive nature, allows us to understand the pluridimensional universe of some of the representations considered and particularly to determine how each representation is connected with the others and how they are assembled within the whole system so as to establish typologies. The observation is made, notably by means of 2 projections on situational maps, that axis 1 establishes a bi-polarity among the wider tendencies such as medecine, physicians, health which corresponds, roughly speaking, to an opposition between "some collar" workers and "white collar" cadres, fatalists and non-fatalists. Less clearly appears a double splitting within the group of cadres and whtin the group of workers, the latter being less favored in the field of medicine and health. We can thus perceive 4 sectors where constellations of variables are organized and which correspond to typologies of attitudes. In fact, whether we rely on socio-professional stratifications or on mentalities, we must, to be efficient, take into account associations of attitudes as well as expectations, constructed according to this method, before starting selective actions of health education.
The determination of frequency value (percentile limits) and the classification of the different variation factors allow us to define more and more homogeneous subpopulations as we use these factors for sorting. Using as our study population those persons coming to the Centre for Preventive Medicine, we were able to: (a) Describe and measure the significance and importance of physiological variations or of variations attributed to age--the latter largely related only to excessive weight, which it seems to us is often the case. (b) Establish a classification for variation factors; the recapitulatory table should be useful to clinical chemists in helping physicians interpret a laboratory test result that falls within the zone of incertitude. (c) Suggest a preliminary group of reference values for healthy subjects, to be used in interpreting a laboratory test in this way.
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The comparison of various adiposity indices in children and adolescents shows that there is a great similarity between the indices, and also between their ability to distinguish extreme groups. The adiposity indices used are highly correlated with weight and subscapular skinfold thickness, and are not generally independent of height. Differences in these correlations appear during the period of puberty. Discrimination of obese and non-obese subjects by the indices and by clinical opinion agrees in 65%-75% of instances, with no one index agreeing better than the others.
Laboratory-test results for a population of immigrants living in north-east France revealed differences between the concentration of the blood constituents of immigrants and native French people. By immigrants we mean persons now living in France but coming from other geographical locations such as Italy, the Iberian Peninsula, northern or central Europe, northern Africa, or the Near or Middle East. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the need to establish reference limits in immigrants for many blood constituents because of a significant shift of the curve relative to that for the French population. We have determined appropriate reference limits, for some ten blood constituents in each group of immigrants.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the familial resemblance for individual body circumferences (suprailiac, waist, thigh and arm) and for the waist/suprailiac (as surrogate for the waist/hip) and the waist/thigh circumference ratios, in a sample of 216 unselected nuclear families with children aged 10-25 years. Familial correlations were jointly computed, using the maximum-likelihood method. The highest familial resemblance was observed for the waist circumference and for the waist/suprailiac and the waist/thigh circumference ratios. There was no significant difference between father-offspring and mother-offspring correlations when considering individual body circumferences. In contrast, when considering the two ratios there was a stronger mother-child than father-child similarity. Furthermore, there was a higher resemblance of the mother with her daughter than with her son, but no significant sib sex difference in the father-offspring relationship. There was also a heterogeneity of sibling correlations for the two ratios, the like-sex pairs exhibiting higher correlations than the unlike-sex pairs. Lastly, the similarity observed between spouses, of similar magnitude to the father-offspring correlation, suggests the contribution of environmental rather than genetic factors for explaining the familial resemblance of the two ratios. In conclusion, the great family resemblance for the waist/suprailiac and the waist/thigh circumference ratios (correlations ranging from 0.23 to 0.68) appears remarkable, and should be taken in consideration, given the predictive value of these indices for disease in adulthood.
The Sysmex UF-50 is an automated flow cytometer for urine sediments analysis. Interpretation of the results needs establishment of reference limits for the different constituents measured. First of all, we checked precision of measurements and stability of urines during transportation. Then, urine samples from 4 to 95 year old subjects were examined with the UF-50, by visual microscopy and test strips. Distributions of results for erythrocytes, leukocytes, epithelial cells, casts, bacteria and conductivity were described in a sample of 680 subjects (364 men and 316 women), with creatininemia below 140 micromol/L, consuming no drugs and for women without intra uterine device and apart from menstruation period. Then, the results were compared with those obtained in groups selected on microscopic analysis and test strip results. UF-50 sensitivity and specificity were 77.5% and 88% for 15 erythrocytes/microL in reference to microscopic urinalysis, they were 91.3% and 87.3% for 15 leucocytes/microL. The reference sample was defined with negative microscopic results. The upper reference limits (centile 97.5) were 16 red blood cells/microL for men 14.5 for women, 13.5 and 33 leucocytes/microL, 8 and 19 epithelial cells/microL, 1,3 and 0,4 casts/microL, 5 500 et 7 700 bacteria/microL, 36,2 et 34,6 conductivity mS/cm. The Sysmex UF-50 is a suitable analyser for urinary sediments. Reference limits may be different from usual reference limits due to variability in performances of other methods.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the automated urine test strip analyzer Aution Max AX 4280 which uses strips able to measure 12 urinary parameters. For precision study, we considered glucose, protein, blood, leukocytes, nitrite, and pH and the four first were compared with usual methods: chemical measurement or microscopic examination. Reproducibility of the semi quantitative results was determined as the proportion of results falling into the same concentration range. Within-run reproducibility assessed using urine specimens were between 83% and 96%. Between day on quality controlled materials, it was higher (96%), and leukocytes were shared between two classes 250 and 500 cells/microL. For glucose and proteins, linearity was good and comparison with quantitative methods yielded high correlation. The false negative fraction was low and there was no false positive results. For blood, fraction of false positive was 7.5% for 0.3 mg/L of hemoglobin compared with microscopic analysis and false negative fraction was 1.3%. For leukocytes, false positive fraction was 4%, false negative one was 7.8%. These results, values for sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value, predictive negative value permitted to determine the cut-off values to realize second levels analysis: proteins are measured from 0.30 g/L, glucose from 2.8 mmol/L, microscopic urinalysis was performed from hemoglobin more than 0.3 mg/L and leukocytes more than 25 cells/microL.
The DMF index distribution and the D, M, and F distributions on the whole teeth were described from a representative sample including 3,400 children at ages 6, 9 and 12. Results showed a great symetry for dental caries on each side of the median sagittal plane. The main spots of dental attack were found and the importance of each tooth in the determination of various indexes was analyzed. At each age, the first permanent molars are the most atracked. Many children have three or four decayed molars. Concerning the eruption of permanent teeth and the loss of primary teeth, we found the same symetry of these events between upper and lower maxillar as well as from on side of the median sagittal plane to the other.
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Arterial blood pressure was studied retrospectively in 17,067 children and adolescents (aged 4-18 years - 8,647 males and 8,420 females) from cross-sectional data collected at the Preventive medicine centre in Nancy between 1977 to 1979. The distribution of blood pressure was expressed in percentiles by age and by height. Diastolic blood pressures are more widely scattered than systolic pressures as has been found in other studies and may be due to different methods and definitions used to determine the diastolic pressure. Arterial blood pressure seems to be more closely correlated to height than with age and it is suggested that when assessing blood pressure in children and adolescents curves of arterial blood pressure compared to height should be used. The definition of arterial hypertension remains difficult. On the basis of the centiles, 3 groups of children may be defined, one with borderline hypertension, one with proven hypertension and one with dangerous hypertension.