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Biomedical subjects

R Grimm

Publications and source records attributed to R Grimm.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The influence of nocturnal aircraft noise on sleep and on catecholamine secretion.

The influence of noise from night flying on electro-biological reactions and on the secretion of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) was studied in eight healthy adults whose place of residence exposes them to day-time aircraft noise. The interrelationships were then analysed, with daytime noise exposure, personality traits and general day-to-day condition reflected in control variables. The subjects were each observed during five nights without noise exposure (Leq < 32 dB(A)) and five nights with noise exposure (Leq = 36 to 56 dB(A)), when the following factors were varied: number of flights (16, 32, 64 overflights with a constant maximum indoor sound level of 75 dB(A)); and sound level (64 overflights at a maximum indoor sound level of 55, 65 and 75 dB(A)). All these flights were transmitted electro-acoustically between the third and sixth hours of the night. When the various daytime exposures are taken into account, significant mean value differences between noisy and peaceful nights are demonstrated in 8-hour urine for both catecholamines. In the case of adrenaline, the original data already showed a significant increase with noise exposure. Furthermore, catecholamine concentration increases with sound level. The analysis confirms a close link between the volume of adrenaline in the urine collected and electro-biological reactions, with consideration given to personality traits and day-time alcohol consumption.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

GroEL-related molecular chaperones are present in the cytosol of oat cells.

In eukaryotic cells GroEL-related molecular chaperones (cpn 60) are considered to be restricted to plastids and mitochondria. Re-evaluation of the intracellular localization of chaperonins by electron microscopy, using two different anti-chaperonin antisera, revealed additionally their presence in the cytosol of oat primary leaf and coleoptile cells. The distribution of cpn 60 is not influenced by heat or light treatments.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1991

Reduced vascular compliance as a marker for essential hypertension.

In 38 patients with established essential hypertension and 32 age-matched normotensive control subjects proximal and distal arterial compliance were determined by computer-based assessment of the diastolic decay of a brachial arterial tracing and a modified Windkessel model of the circulation. In the hypertensive subjects compared to the normotensive subjects mean arterial pressure was 25% higher (P less than .001), systemic vascular resistance 23% higher (P less than .01), proximal compliance 19% lower (P less than .01), and distal compliance 72% lower (P less than .001). The reduction in distal compliance was highly age-dependent. In the youngest age range (45 to 54 years) little overlap appeared between hypertensive and normotensive groups, whereas in the oldest subjects studied (65 to 75 years) distal compliance was comparably low in the two groups. Thus, distal vascular compliance provides a sensitive and specific marker for the abnormal vasculature associated with hypertension and may be particularly useful in identifying the disease in young individuals with borderline blood pressure.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Expression of AP 3, 4 and 5 isophytochromes in etiolated oat seedlings (Avena sativa L.).

Type 1 phytochrome from etiolated oat seedlings was digested with V-8 protease. Microsequencing of a 13 kDa fragment yielded a sequence of 31 amino acids. The fragment starting with the alanine residue at position 427 of the entire phytochrome amino acid sequence revealed a heterogeneity (threonine, alanine and asparagine) at position 10. This demonstrates that the phytochrome type A genes AP3, 4 and 5 are expressed as proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Sodium chloride raises blood pressure in normotensive subjects. The study of sodium and blood pressure.

The effects of dietary sodium on blood pressure in normotensive adults is not well characterized. The Study of Sodium and Blood Pressure (SNaP) is a randomized, double-blind crossover trial using a placebo or 96 meq sodium in 4-week treatment periods separated by a 2-week washout period. Before capsule treatment periods, participants were instructed in a low sodium diet for 10 weeks to reduce urinary sodium excretion to less than 35 meq/8 hr. The low sodium diet was continued throughout the capsule treatment periods. Participants (n = 48; 47 white, 1 black) were 79% male and had an average age of 52 years, a body mass index of 27.6, and a baseline blood pressure of 131/84 mm Hg. Baseline overnight urinary sodium excretion was 51 meq/8 hr and 19 meq/8 hr after the low sodium diet run-in period, before the capsule treatment periods began. Resting, seated blood pressure was measured twice at each visit in a standard fashion. Differences between sodium and placebo treatment periods were as follows: systolic blood pressure, 123.9 versus 120.3 mm Hg, respectively (p less than 0.001); diastolic blood pressure, 78.7 versus 76.4 mm Hg, respectively (p = 0.005); and sodium excretion, 51.3 versus 30.9 meq/8 hr, respectively (p less than 0.001). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased significant amounts in normotensive adults on a low sodium diet supplemented with 96 meq/day sodium. Long-term effects and dose-response relations need further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Infrared spectroscopy of phytochrome and model pigments.

Fourier-transform infrared difference spectra between the red-absorbing and far-red-absorbing forms of oat phytochrome have been measured in H2O and 2H2O. The difference spectra are compared with infrared spectra of model compounds, i.e. the (5Z,10Z,15Z)- and (5Z,10Z,15E)-isomers of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-bilindion (Et8-bilindion), 2,3-dihydro-2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-bilindion (H2Et8-bilindion), and protonated H2Et8-bilindion in various solvents. The spectra of the model compounds show that only for the protonated forms can clear differences between the two isomers be detected. Since considerable differences are present between the spectra of Et8-bilindion and H2Et8-bilindion, it is concluded that only the latter compound can serve as a model system of phytochrome. The 2H2O effect on the difference spectrum of phytochrome supports the view that the chromophore in red-absorbing phytochrome is protonated and suggests, in addition, that it is also protonated in far-red-absorbing phytochrome. The spectra show that protonated carboxyl groups are influenced. The small amplitudes in the difference spectra exclude major changes of protein secondary structure.

Fourier Analysis↗
PubMed1988

Sodium, lithium-countertransport and blood pressure control by nutritional intervention in 'mild' hypertension.

Erythrocyte membrane cation transport was measured in 167 adults completing the fourth year of a randomized controlled trial testing the efficacy of nutrition intervention for treatment of 'mild' hypertension. Intervention objectives consisted of weight loss, moderate sodium restriction, and reduction of alcohol intake. The mean sodium-stimulated lithium-countertransport (LCT) for 35 participants able to maintain normotensive blood pressures for 4 years by nutritional means alone was 0.29 mmol/l cells per h compared with 0.38 for the 48 subjects requiring represcription of drugs (P less than 0.01). Weight loss from baseline to year 4 was inversely related to LCT among those who were overweight at baseline (P less than 0.05); reported alcohol intakes were positively related to LCT (P less than 0.05). These findings suggest that blood pressure control by nutrition intervention in 'mild' hypertensives is associated with levels of LCT characteristic of normotension. Higher mean LCT in those requiring represcription of drugs was related to lower serum potassium and higher serum triglyceride levels in this subgroup.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1987

Nutritional therapy for high blood pressure. Final report of a four-year randomized controlled trial--the Hypertension Control Program.

A four-year trial assessed whether less severe hypertensives could discontinue antihypertensive drug therapy, using nutritional means to control blood pressure. Randomization was to three groups: group 1--discontinue drug therapy and reduce overweight, excess salt, and alcohol; group 2--discontinue drug therapy, with no nutritional program; or group 3--continue drug therapy, with no nutritional program. In groups 1 and 2 patients resumed drug therapy if pressure rose to hypertensive levels. Loss of at least 4.5 kg (10 + lb) was maintained by 30% of group 1, with a group mean loss of 1.8 kg (4 lb); sodium intake fell 36% and modest alcohol intake reduction was reported. At four years, 39% in group 1 remained normotensive without drug therapy, compared with 5% in group 2. Study findings demonstrated that nutritional therapy may substitute for drugs in a sizable proportion of hypertensives or, if drugs are still needed, can lessen some unwanted biochemical effects of drug treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Do hypertensive patients have a different diurnal pattern of electrolyte excretion?

Studies generally indicate that excretion of sodium, potassium, and water is greater during the day than during the night. To determine whether hypertensive patients exhibit this same pattern of excretion, diurnal variations in excretion of sodium, potassium, creatinine, and water were examined in 107 hypertensive men and women from a clinical trial on control of hypertension by nonpharmacological means--the Hypertension Control Program. Each participant provided two carefully timed 24-hour urine collections divided into daytime and overnight specimens. The median ratios of 24-hour to 8-hour overnight excretion were 2.84, 3.95, 2.99, and 2.77 for sodium, potassium, creatinine, and water, respectively. Thus, more than half of this hypertensive group exhibited a greater rate of sodium and water excretion during sleep than during daytime hours, a reversal of the usual pattern. When the group was subdivided based on age, sex, race, trial randomization group, use of diuretics, and hypertension severity, women had significantly lower ratios of 24-hour to overnight excretion for sodium and water than men and blacks had significantly lower 24-hour to overnight ratios for water and potassium than whites. When the 24-hour to overnight ratios for these hypertensive patients were compared with those for a group of 30 men and women with high-normal blood pressure, those with high-normal blood pressure had significantly larger ratios for sodium and water excretion than the hypertensive group. The results of this study suggest that hypertensive patients may have a different diurnal pattern of sodium and water excretion than normotensive subjects and that further research is needed to clarify this issue.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Simulit, a simulation model for hospital planning].

The aim of this computerized simulation model is to provide an estimate of the number of beds used by a population, taking into accounts important determining factors. These factors are demographic data of the deserved population, hospitalization rates, hospital case-mix and length of stay; these parameters can be taken either from observed data or from scenarii. As an example, the projected evolution of the number of beds in Canton Vaud for the period 1893-2010 is presented.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1986

[Prevention and treatment of hypertension at the population level: the Minnesota Heart Health Program].

The Minnesota Heart Health Program is a ten year research and demonstration trial for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease. Community wide prevention and control of hypertension is among the major goals of this study. Systematic population screening for hypertension, mass media campaigns, adult and youth education programs, physician and health professional programs, and community organization efforts are part of the multiple strategy approach to prevention. Replication in three sites, annual risk factor surveys and morbidity/mortality surveillance will provide evidence for the value of this community wide approach at the end of ten years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The primary prevention of high blood pressure: a population approach.

This article presents our view of the evidence and strategies for the primary prevention of high blood pressure. We (a) attempt to indicate where the potential for prevention, along with relative safety, is sufficient for action, and (b) provide an outline of our ideas and experience in communicating these strategies. We believe that a unified preventive message and plan to control and prevent high blood pressure in whole communities is possible. Such a plan must emphasize the benefits that may accrue from a more healthful lifestyle. We believe that an eating and activity pattern that is attractive, palatable, and feasible can be proposed and modeled to fit different cultures and traditions. Finally, we present the idea that medical, preventive strategies and safe, feasible, and credible community-based programs are complementary modes of dissemination. In such programs, health professionals and medical services share roles with community leaders and organizations. This population strategy is indicated along with vigorous systematic hypertension detection and treatment as well as further research. A population strategy is, we believe, essential to the primary prevention of hypertension, i.e., to the prevention of elevated blood pressure in the first place.

Cholesterol↗