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Biomedical subjects

R Grewal

Publications and source records attributed to R Grewal.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Biomechanical properties of peripheral nerves.

The biomechanical properties of peripheral nerves still are not completely understood or quantified. This is partly because of the nonhomogeneous nature of nerves and the variation in the proportions of the components of different nerves. The recognition and quantification of the in-situ stress and the viscoelastic behavior of nerves have been important stepping stones in understanding their mechanical behavior. The effects of stretch and compression on the vascular supply and conduction properties of normal animal nerves have been well studied. Similar studies in injured nerves will provide invaluable information for understanding the mechanics of nerve function and the prevention of stretch- and compression-related trauma.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The informatics superhighway: prototyping on the World Wide Web.

We have experimented with developing a prototype Surgeon's Workstation which makes use of the World Wide Web client-server architecture. Although originally intended merely as a means for obtaining user feedback for use in designing a "real" system, the application has been adopted for use by our Department of Surgery. As they begin to use the application, they have suggested changes and we have responded. This paper illustrates some of the advantages we have found for prototyping with Web-based applications, including security aspects.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1994

Genetic linkage mapping for a susceptibility locus to bipolar illness: chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10p, 11p, 22, and Xpter.

We are conducting a genome search for a predisposing locus to bipolar (manic-depressive) illness by genotyping 21 moderate-sized pedigrees. We report linkage data derived from screening marker loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10p, 11p, 22, and the pseudoautosomal region at Xpter. To analyze for linkage, two-point marker to illness lod scores were calculated under a dominant model with either 85% or 50% maximum penetrance and a recessive model with 85% maximum penetrance, and two affection status models. Under the dominant high penetrance model the cumulative lod scores in the pedigree series were less than -2 at theta = 0.01 in 134 of 142 loci examined, indicating that if the disease is genetically homogeneous linkage could be excluded in these marker regions. Similar results were obtained using the other genetic models. Heterogeneity analysis was conducted when indicated, but no evidence for linkage was found. In the course of mapping we found a positive total lod score greater than +3 at the D7S78 locus at theta = 0.01 under a dominant, 50% penetrance model. The lod scores for additional markers within the D7S78 region failed to support the initial finding, implying that this was a spurious positive. Analysis with affected pedigree member method for COL1A2 and D7S78 showed no significance for linkage but for PLANH1, at the weighting functions f(p) = 1 and f(p) = 1/sqrt(p) borderline P values of 0.036 and 0.047 were obtained. We also detected new polymorphisms at the mineralocorticoid receptor (MLR) and calmodulin II (CALMII) genes. These genes were genetically mapped and under affection status model 2 and a dominant, high penetrance mode of transmission the lod scores of < -2 at theta = 0.01 were found.

Bipolar Disorder↗
PubMed1993

Blackened bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in crack smokers. A preliminary study.

A retrospective study was performed on heavily pigmented pulmonary cytologic specimens from 14 hospital patients to determine the clinical features distinguishing these cases. The lavage fluid or sputum in each case was turbid and gray or black, exceeding the blackness usually seen in heavy tobacco smokers dwelling in the same urban environment. Excessive carbonaceous material was observed in the cytoplasm of pulmonary alveolar macrophages or the extracellular compartment of the smears. The latter feature is not seen in cigarette smokers. Many other pigmentary sources were ruled out, including melanin, hemosiderin, medicinal charcoal, India ink, and hematoxylin crystals. The common feature of the patients was that they recently or currently smoked the crack form of cocaine heavily; five patients also had positive toxicologic results for cocaine at admission. The authors suggest that blackened bronchoalveolar lavage fluid indicates the possibility of crack cocaine smoking and the associated sequelae, particularly when the carbonaceous material is present in the extracellular compartment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Accurate charge capture and cost allocation: cost justification for bedside computing.

This paper shows that cost justification for bedside clinical computing can be made by recouping charges with accurate charge capture. Twelve months worth of professional charges for a sixteen bed surgical intensive care unit are computed from charted data in a bedside clinical database and are compared to the professional charges actually billed by the unit. A substantial difference in predicted charges and billed charges was found. This paper also discusses the concept of appropriate cost allocation in the inpatient environment and the feasibility of appropriate allocation as a by-product of bedside computing.

Cost Allocation↗
PubMed1992

Early migration of prostheses related to long-term survivorship. Comparison of tibial components in knee replacement.

We determined the cumulative survival rates, in arthroplasty of the knee, of three designs of tibial component, using a change of position on standard radiographs or revision for aseptic loosening as criteria of failure. The average migration of each of the three designs in the first postoperative year is known from roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis reported by other authors. The ranking order of the components as judged by cumulative survival is the same as that determined by early migration. This finding supports the view that the measurement of early migration can predict late aseptic loosening and therefore that such measurements are clinically of value.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed1992

Automated acuity scoring within a computer based medical record.

This paper describes the initial development of a completely automated acuity scoring system that resides within the TMR bedside computing system at the Duke University Medical Center, Surgical Intensive Unit. The scoring system is based upon the APACHE II acuity scoring system and provides for the recalculation of acuity scoring at 12 hour intervals through the patient's ICU course. When comparing hand calculated versus computer generated acuity scores for 19 patients, discrepancies fell into three broad categories: 1) data available to the application differed from that available to the human scorer. 2) apparent transcription errors 3) data items lost or absent from the paper record. It remains to be determined if computer generated acuity scoring provides for a more accurate representation of the patient's acuity.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1991

Bedside computerization of the ICU, design issues: benefits of computerization versus ease of paper & pen.

This paper describes the design considerations for the implementation of a bedside computer system in an intensive care environment. Specific issues discussed include application design, implementation problems, design revisions, and design solutions. Specific examples of the above issues include passive data acquisition from bedside devices and computer systems, automated nursing assessments, respiratory therapy assessments and integrated reports.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1990

Comparative evaluation of bone marrow aspirate particle smears, imprints and biopsy sections.

Comparative evaluation of bone marrow aspirate particle smears, imprints and biopsy sections was done on 30 haematological problems. Core needle biopsy of the bone marrow is a safe and useful procedure. It is a valuable diagnostic aid for measurement of marrow cellularity, metastatic tumours and fibrosis. It should not be taken as a substitute for examination of the marrow by aspiration smear but is a complementary procedure which affords several advantages. Bone marrow biopsy was of maximum utility in myelofibrosis which was diagnosed on biopsy alone. There were three additional cases with normal bone marrow aspiration in which specific diagnosis could only be made from bone marrow biopsy sections. New methodologies i.e. plastic embedding and semi thin sections of undecalcified bone marrow, can be expected to improve the cytological details of tissue obtained by biopsy. Imprint preparations obtained from biopsy can be useful in patients of malignancy but we have found them to be of limited value except in cases of dry tap.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1984

A comparative study of rural athletes of four states of India.

In the present study 22 rural athletes of four different states of India have been studied for 23 anthropometric parameters--weight, height, sitting height, six diameters, six circumferences and eight skin and subcutaneous tissue folds. Rural athletes of Punjab and Haryana have been found to be comparable pertaining to all the anthropometric variables. Athletes of Madhya Pradesh show minimum values for most of the variables. The order of best anthropometry is athletes of Punjab and Haryana followed by Assam and Madhya Pradesh. Athletes of Madhya Pradesh are lacking behind in all the parameters except skin and subcutaneous tissue folds as compared to athletes of Assam.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Age of menarche in various categories of Indian sportswomen.

Data on the age of menarche has been collected on 264 Indian sportswomen, and 108 girls forming the control group, all hailing from the Punjab, Haryana, chandigarh and Delhi. Outstanding athletes and players of hockey, basketball and volleyball were included. The combined mean age at menarche for sportswomen is 15.21 years and for the control sample is 14.05 years. The differences in the two series are statistically significant. The mean age at menarche in hockey, basketball, volleyball and athletes is found to be 15.15, 15.40, 15.05 and 15.27 years respectively. The differences in these groups, however, are not found to be statistically significant.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Coordinated secretion of alkaline phosphatase into serum and intestine in fat-fed rats.

BACKGROUND: Fat feeding increases the activity of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in the serum. The mechanism underlying this increase is unknown. Surfactant-like particles (SLP) secreted by enterocytes have been implicated in this phenomenon. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of feeding fish oil and protein synthesis inhibitors on alkaline phosphatase activity in serum and in different intestinal fractions. METHODS: Male albino rats were fed 2 mL of fish oil and were injected cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Alkaline phosphatase activity was determined in the serum and intestinal fractions (SLP, mucosa, muscularis). RESULT: Feeding fish oil significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase activity in serum (p< 0.001) and intestinal mucosa (p< 0.01). Administration of cycloheximide or actinomycin D significantly reduced alkaline phosphatase activity in serum (p< 0.01) and in intestinal mucosa (p< 0.05). BCIP staining of brush border alkaline phosphatase activity in acrylamide gels yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a co-ordination between alkaline phosphatase synthesis and its assembly into lipoprotein vesicles, such as SLP, secreted by enterocytes in response to fat feeding.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spermatogenic events in rat and mice following intratesticular administration of optical isomers of gossypol.

Male rats and mice were administered racemic and dextrorotatory gossypol intratesticularly at the dose of 200 micrograms/testis. In a separate experiment, 100 micrograms of dextrorotatory and levorotatory gossypol was administered to male mice. Animals were sacrificed 72 hours after drug treatment. In another experiment, mice were sacrificed 3, 10, 20, 30 and 60 days after racemic gossypol (200 micrograms/testis) administration. Marked degenerative changes in rat and mice tests were observed in the animals receiving racemic gossypol. Dextrorotatory gossypol had less pronounced effect, both in rat and mice. Stage 7 and 16 spermatids were most susceptible to the deleterious effects of racemic gossypol. In mice, 57.52% and 85.40% decrease in stage 7 and 16 spermatids were observed 72 hrs after drug administration. A progressive recovery was observed after drug treatment; the damage (stage 7 & 16) was reduced to 7.92% and 21.30% after 60 days. Histopathological changes in mice testis following 100 micrograms of levorotatory gossypol were distinctly different from those of the dextrorotatory (100 micrograms/testis) gossypol. On the basis of observations made by us, it can be suggested that mice equally respond to the antifertility effect of gossypol following intratesticular administration. The dextrorotatory gossypol, both in rat and mice, had less pronounced effect on the histoarchitecture of the testis in comparison to racemic and levorotatory gossypol. Our observations further suggest that this animal model provides meaningful information on the mechanism of action of gossypol, and recovery of spermatogenesis is possible after termination of drug treatment.

Animals↗