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Biomedical subjects

R Greenberg

Publications and source records attributed to R Greenberg.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Thiorphan potentiation of stress-induced analgesia in the mouse.

Experiments were done to examine the analgesic effect of thiorphan alone or in combination with stress in mice. Analgesia was assessed by measuring jump latencies from a 55 degrees C hot plate. Thiorphan exhibited weak analgesic properties evidenced by significant increases in jump latencies only after 300 mg/kg i.p. Additional experiments were done to see the effect of i.c.v. administration of thiorphan in the mouse hot plate test. Control experiments revealed that either i.c.v. saline or sham caused naloxone reversible analgesia which was potentiated by thiorphan (100 mg/kg i.p.). Immobilization stress-induced analgesia was also potentiated by thiorphan (100 mg/kg i.p.) and antagonized by naloxone (10 mg/kg i.p.). The results suggest that stress-induced analgesia in the mouse is associated with an endogenous opioid mechanism which is potentiated when enkephalin degradation is inhibited by thiorphan.

Amino Acids, Sulfur↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Late-life delusional depression.

A study of 161 consecutively admitted elderly major depressives with a mean age of 71.7 +/- 6.6 revealed that 72 patients (45%) were delusional. Delusional depressives were significantly older than nondelusionals at onset (62.4 +/- 15.5 + 17.2), but were of comparable age at admission. Utilizing the median age of onset (60) as a cut-off, a sex difference was identified: an association between lateness of onset and delusions was only apparent in women. The presence of a concurrent medical or neurologic disorder or hearing deficit did not increase the association. The importance of investigating samples of elderly patients to identify age effects that only occur in late-life is emphasized.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Continuous intravenous octreotide treatment for acute experimental pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of octreotide, the synthetic analogue of the hormone somatostatin, for the treatment of acute pancreatitis is controversial. Octreotide has been commonly administered in subcutaneous bolus injections; however, continuous intravenous infusion may be advantageous for acute conditions. METHODS: Acute experimental pancreatitis was induced in rats by intraparenchymal injections of 1 ml 10% sodium taurocholate, and octreotide (1 microg/kg/h, dissolved in physiological solution, intravenously was started 4 h later and continuously infused for 48 h. Physiological solution infusions, in identical volumes, were used in the controls. The following parameters were examined: mortality; macroscopic and histological damage; hematocrit; plasma pH; acid-base balance; serum glucose; calcium, and amylase. RESULTS: Octreotide treatment had a striking effect on mortality: 8.3 versus 91.6% in the treatment and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Octreotide also ameliorated pancreatic edema and intestinal dilatation, and had significant beneficial effects on histopathological damage and the biochemical alterations which are associated with acute pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous intravenous octreotide infusion is a potentially efficacious therapeutic method for acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Survival analysis of three treatment modalities in a residential substance abuse program for women and children.

Retaining women in substance abuse treatment is difficult. Increased length of stay (LOS) has been found to be predictive of positive treatment outcomes, including lower drug use, criminal behavior, and unemployment among adults, and improved growth and development for children. This study used survival analysis statistical methods to examine LOS in a residential treatment program for women and children as the program shifted from a traditional therapeutic community, to gender-specific programming, to interdisciplinary, family-focused treatment. Results suggest that with implementation of family-focused treatment, LOS increases more than with gender-specific programming alone.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

HLA and multiple myeloma among black and white men: evidence of a genetic association.

To evaluate the possibility that genetic factors contribute to the excess rates of multiple myeloma among blacks, serological typing of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) was conducted for black and white male patients and controls who participated in a large population-based case-control interview study. Forty-six black cases, 88 black controls, 85 white cases, and 122 white controls were typed for the Class I antigens (HLA-A, -B, -C) and for the Class II antigens (HLA-DR, HLA-DQ). Black cases had significantly higher gene frequencies than black controls for Bw65, Cw2, and DRw14, while white cases had higher gene frequencies than white controls for A3 and Cw2 and blanks at the DR and DQ loci. Further analysis of the association between Cw2 and multiple myeloma revealed relative risks of 5.7 (95% confidence interval = 1.5-26.6) and 2.6 (95% confidence interval = 1.0-7.2) for blacks and whites, respectively. The frequency of Cw2 in black and white controls was similar. These findings suggest that the Cw2 allele enhances the risk of myeloma in blacks and whites but do not explain the higher incidence of this cancer among blacks. The study also suggests that undefined DQ antigens may play an etiological role, supporting the need for further research into the immunogenetic determinants of myeloma.

Adult↗