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Biomedical subjects

R Green

Publications and source records attributed to R Green.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Computerized axial tomography vs spermatic venography in localization of cryptorchid testes.

A prospective study of the efficacy of computed tomography (CT) vs spermatic venography in localization of cryptorchid testes was accomplished between 1978 and 1983. Although a direct match comparison between CT and spermatic venography was not done, a number of interesting observations was made. A total of 31 patients with 36 testes were examined with CT and a total of 16 patients with 19 testes were examined with spermatic venography. Spermatic venograph proved to be the most accurate of the two modalities. However, it also required the greatest technical expertise. No major complications were observed with either procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Styles of adjustment to coronary graft surgery.

Using Herzlich's descriptions of styles of adaptation to illness a conceptual scheme is offered which sets out four potential modes of adjustment to illness (ACCOMMODATION, ACTIVE-DENIAL, RESIGNATION, SECONDARY GAIN). A study is reported in which a group of 40 patients attending for CABGS were interviewed to assess their adjustment style, their expectations of surgery and their pattern of activities. A second group of 40 patients who had received CABGS approx. 11 months previously were also interviewed regarding their course of recovery, activity pattern and style of adjustment to illness. Results indicate that the same adjustment styles may not be employed prior to surgery as are adopted during recovery. Specific findings indicate that different styles of adjustment are consistent with different expectations of surgery; with changes in patterns of activity; and with particular courses of recovery. These differences were not explicable in terms of the degree of angina reported by patients either prior to or following CABGS. Discussion of these and related findings point to the explanatory potential of the conceptual system outlined in the paper, within which scheme further questions of adjustment to illness can be addressed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

A comparison of intravaginal PGF2 alpha and intravenous oxytocin to stimulate labour after membrane rupture.

A prospective randomized controlled trial of 202 patients was set up to examine the efficiency and safety of 40 mg of intravaginal prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) in a tylose gel to stimulate labour after artificial or spontaneous membrane rupture. The control group received a standard intravenous oxytocin regimen. The PGF2 alpha treated group had a significantly shorter length of labour (6.2 +/- 3.6 hours) compared to the oxytocin group (7.5 +/- 4.3 hours) (p less than 0.05). The analgesic requirements were significantly reduced in the PGF2 alpha treated patients. In PGF2 alpha treated patients 46 of 105 required no analgesia whereas 17 of 97 oxytocin treated patients required no analgesia (p less than 0.001). There were similar reductions for epidural (p less than 0.005) and pethidine requirements (p less than 0.005). No differences were found between groups with regards mode of delivery. There were no adverse maternal side-effects associated with PGF2 alpha usage. A significant reduction (p less than 0.05) in the incidence of neonatal jaundice requiring phototherapy occurred in the PGF2 alpha group. Prostaglandin F2 alpha appears to be a safe, efficient and better alternative to intravenous oxytocin to stimulate labour in the presence of ruptured membranes, allowing ambulation, a reduction in length of labour and less need for analgesia and intravenous therapy.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1985

Phagocytosis and killing of Gardnerella vaginalis by human neutrophils.

Gardnerella vaginalis was ingested and killed by neutrophils in the presence of normal human serum. Heat inactivation of the serum inhibited these processes. The opsonisation of some but not all G vaginalis strains was enhanced by immune rabbit serum. Immune serum did not, however, enhance intracellular killing. Blockade of the classical pathway of complement activation had no effect on the opsonic activity of human serum. These results suggest that the opsonisation, phagocytosis, and killing of G vaginalis by human serum and neutrophils is primarily mediated by complement activated by the alternative pathway. Serum without neutrophils has little effect on the viability of G vaginalis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Red cell ghost-entrapped deferoxamine as a model clinical targeted delivery system for iron chelators and other compounds.

In iron overload resulting from repeated blood transfusion, phagocytic reticuloendothelial cells are the primary and major sites of iron accumulation. Removal of this iron by the iron chelator deferoxamine can be enhanced by targeted delivery of this agent to reticuloendothelial cells. We have used resealed erythrocyte ghosts as a model system for delivery of deferoxamine to reticuloendothelial cells and have demonstrated a several-fold enhancement of urine iron excretion in children and adults with congenital or acquired iron-loading anemias. Although presently not cost-effective, this approach provides a useful, practical and safe model for [1] iron chelator targeting to reticuloendothelial cells, and [2] the clinical use of resealed erythrocyte ghosts for targeting pharmacologic agents to reticuloendothelial cells.

Deferoxamine↗
PubMed1985

Gender identity in childhood and later sexual orientation: follow-up of 78 males.

Two groups of males were evaluated on parameters of gender identity, initially in boyhood and later in adolescence or young adulthood. One group was composed of 66 clinically referred boys whose behaviors were consistent with the diagnosis of gender identity disorder of childhood. The other group consisted of 56 volunteers selected on the basis of demographic matching. Two-thirds of each group were reevaluated for sexual orientation; 30 of the 44 who previously had shown extensive cross-gender behavior and none of the 34 in the comparison group were bisexually or homosexually oriented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Neuroendocrine response to estrogen and sexual orientation.

A neuroendocrine component, the positive estrogen feedback effect, thought to be related to sexual orientation and, indirectly, to sexual differentiation, was evaluated in healthy, noninstitutionalized research volunteers. Men and women with a lifelong heterosexual orientation and men with a lifelong homosexual orientation were administered an estrogen preparation known to enhance the concentration of luteinizing hormone in women but not in men. The secretory pattern of luteinizing hormone in the homosexuals in response to estrogen was intermediate between that of the heterosexual men and that of the women. Furthermore, testosterone was depressed for a significantly longer period in the homosexual men than in the heterosexual men. These findings suggest that biological markers for sexual orientation may exist.

Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)↗
PubMed1984

Raynaud's phenomenon of the lung.

To determine if pulmonary vessels develop vasospasm during Raynaud's phenomenon, digital vasospasm was induced by hand immersion in 15 degrees C water (cold pressor test) in 17 subjects, and pulmonary function was measured during the subsequent 120 minutes. Five healthy persons were control subjects, seven subjects had well documented systemic disorders associated with Raynaud's phenomenon (secondary Raynaud's), and five subjects had a history of Raynaud's phenomenon but no evidence of an associated disorder (primary Raynaud's). The only measure of pulmonary function that changed significantly following cold pressor testing was carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. Subjects with primary Raynaud's phenomenon had normal baseline carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (23.7 +/- 4.6 ml/minute/mm Hg) but demonstrated significant decreases (p less than 0.05) at 15 minutes (21.2 +/- 3.5 ml/minute/mm Hg), 45 minutes (19.5 +/- 3.7 ml/minute/mm Hg), and 120 minutes (17.1 +/- 2.1 ml/minute/mm Hg) after cold pressor testing. Subjects with secondary Raynaud's phenomenon had low baseline carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (71 percent predicted) and showed no significant change following cold pressor testing. These findings indicate that digital vasospasm in patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon is part of a systemic vascular response that includes a decrease in the size of the pulmonary capillary bed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Childhood sex-role behaviors: similarities and differences in twins.

Parents of 702 twin pairs, ages 4 through 12, completed a sex-role behavioral preference questionnaire for each cotwin. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of gender, zygosity, and age on behavioral similarities and differences between cotwins. Among same-sex cotwins, male MZ pairs were reported to behave the most similarly. Girl-boy pairs were the most dissimilar. Sex and zygosity contributed significantly to cotwin behavioral differences, with female pairs varying more on sex-typed behaviors than male pairs and DZ pairs varying more than MZ pairs. Age of twins was not a major source of differences within twin pairs.

Child↗